视神经磁共振成像的实验研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 07:33

本文选题：视神经 + 锰离子　；参考：《郑州大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：视神经是连接眼球和视交叉的中枢神经白质纤维,是视觉信息传导至大脑皮层的必由之路。外伤性视神经病变是目前临床造成永久性视力损害的一个重要原因,但目前临床常规检查尚不能对外伤性视神经病变的损伤部位及损伤程度进行明确的诊断和评估。以往视神经研究中应用的神经示踪技术必须将动物处死,制作成标本,该技术无法进行纵向研究或最终用于人类。因此,发展及时准确的检测视神经损伤技术对于其治疗及预后的判断非常关键。磁共振成像(Magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)具有软组织分辨力高、空间校准精确、拥有多种序列、多平面重建等优势,是公认的显示视神经及球后组织解剖细节的首选影像学方法。但是由于视神经较细、结构复杂,走行于狭小的骨性空间,受周围窦腔结构、眶脂肪及眼球运动的影响,容易形成化学位移及运动伪影,视神经MRI检查还存在很大的挑战。如何利用影像学检查方法清晰显示视神经的结构、形态及功能,还需要开展大量的基础性研究工作。本研究以兔为研究对象:对兔视神经的大体解剖和MRI进行研究观察;应用3.0 T磁共振扫描仪,采用氯化锰滴眼的给药方式进行了兔视神经锰离子增强磁共振成像(Managnese enhanced magnetic resonance imging,MEMRI)研究;采用氯化锰滴眼进行MEMRI显示兔视觉通路的正常结构,以及视神经损伤的成像诊断研究;并对氯化锰滴眼后锰离子在眼部的渗透、代谢规律及眼部毒性进行了研究。得出以下结论:1.兔视神经纤细,在眶内先水平走行后转为垂直走行,在眶内走形迂曲,双侧视神经夹角约135.5°,双侧视神经没有独立的视神经管,经共用视神经孔进入颅内,在以兔为研究对象进行视神经的研究中应当注意这些特点。2.应用高分辨MRI能够清晰显示兔眼视神经的解剖结构,且图像与大体解剖具有较好的一致性,但对视神经在眶内的空间走形及细节结构显示效果还有待于进一步的提高。3.应用3.0 T磁共振扫描仪采用1.0 mol·L-1和1.5 mol·L-1氯化锰溶液滴眼均能够显示兔眼视觉通路结构,而1.0 mol·L-1滴眼后眼表损伤相对较轻,适合采用滴眼方式进行MEMRI的进一步研究。4.采用1.0 mol·L-1氯化锰溶液滴眼的给药方式进行视神经损伤模型兔的视神经MEMRI检查,能够清晰显示兔眼视神经的损伤部位,认为此方法可用于判断视神经损伤。5.氯化锰溶液滴眼后锰离子能够迅速进入前房,前房内锰离子浓度快速升高,而玻璃体腔内锰离子的浓度波动范围很小,视网膜可能通过多条途径摄取锰离子。6.1.0 mol·L-1氯化锰溶液进行滴眼,对兔眼角膜、视网膜和视神经未见明显毒性作用,初步认为采用1.0 mol·L-1氯化锰溶液滴眼进行MEMRI是安全的。综上,本研究在兔视神经大体解剖和MRI研究的基础上,应用临床常规3.0T磁共振扫描仪采用氯化锰滴眼的给药方式进行了兔视神经MEMRI研究,增强显示了正常视神经,准确判断了视神经损伤动物模型视神经损伤部位,系统分析了氯化锰滴眼后锰离子的代谢过程和眼部毒性,为视神经病变的研究提供一种更简易、无创的MEMRI方法。
[Abstract]:The optic nerve is connected with eyeball and optic CNS white matter fiber cross, is the only way which must be passed the visual information transmission to the cerebral cortex. Traumatic optic neuropathy is one of the important reasons for the current clinical cause permanent vision damage, damage location and damage degree, but the clinical routine examination is not for traumatic optic neuropathy were diagnosis and evaluation of specific optic nerve tracer technique. The application of neural research in animal must be killed and made into specimens, the technology can not be used for human or the final longitudinal study. Therefore, the development of timely and accurately detect optic nerve injury for its treatment and prognosis is critical. Magnetic resonance imaging (Magnetic resonance imaging MRI) with soft tissue, high resolution, accurate calibration of space, with a variety of series, multi planar reconstruction and other advantages, is recognized as the optic nerve and the ball The preferred method of imaging tissue anatomical details of the school. But because of the optic nerve is fine, complex structure, walking in the narrow space by the surrounding bone, sinus cavity, orbital fat and influence of eye movement, easy to form chemical displacement and motion artifacts, optic nerve MRI examination also there is a big challenge. How to use the image examination methods clearly show the structure of the optic nerve, morphology and function, it is also necessary to carry out a lot of research work. In this study, rabbit as the research object: Study on rabbit optic nerve anatomy and application of MRI; 3 T magnetic resonance scanner using manganese eye drops administered by contrast-enhanced magnetic MR imaging of optic nerve in rabbits (Managnese enhanced magnetic Mn resonance imging, MEMRI); the manganese eye drops MEMRI display the normal structure of rabbit visual pathway, and imaging diagnosis of optic nerve injury. Study on manganese chloride; and after the eye drops in the eye of the manganese ion penetration, metabolism and ocular toxicity were studied. The following conclusions: 1. rabbit optic nerve in the orbit of slender, first level walking into vertical walking, running in the orbital tortuosity, bilateral optic angle of about 135.5 degrees, bilateral optic the nerve was independent of optic canal, through the hole into the common intracranial optic nerve in rabbits, to study the optic nerve should pay attention to these characteristics of.2. high resolution MRI can clearly show the anatomy of the optic nerve in rabbit eyes were as the research object, and the image anatomy and have good consistency, but the optic nerve in the orbit the spatial shape and detail structure of display effect has yet to be further improved.3. using 3 T magnetic resonance scanner with 1 mol L-1 and 1.5 mol - L-1 chloride solution eye drops were able to display the visual pathway in rabbit eyes, and 1 mol - L- 1 eye drops after ocular injury is relatively light, suitable for the further study of.4. by way of MEMRI eye drops by 1 mol - L-1 chloride solution eye drops administered by optic nerve examination of optic nerve injury model of rabbit MEMRI, can clearly show the lesions of the optic nerve in rabbit eyes, that this method can be used to judge optic nerve injury.5. chloride solution after the eye drops of manganese ion can quickly into the anterior chamber, the anterior chamber of manganese ion concentration increased rapidly, and the concentration range of intravitreal manganese ion is very small, the retina may be eye drops through multiple pathways.6.1.0 mol L-1 uptake of manganese chloride solution, on the rabbit cornea, retina and visual effects there was no obvious nerve toxicity, initially considered safe by 1 mol - L-1 chloride solution eye drops MEMRI. In conclusion, the study of optic nerve in rabbit anatomy and MRI on the basis of the research, application Routine clinical 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner using manganese eye drops administered of rabbit optic nerve MEMRI, enhanced showed normal optic nerve, accurate judgment of the optic nerve injury animal model of optic nerve injury, systematic analysis of manganese chloride after instillation of manganese ion metabolism and ocular toxicity, for the study of optic neuropathy to provide a more simple, non invasive method of MEMRI.

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R774.6;R445.2

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