城市废物处理设施排放抗生素耐药性细菌研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 12:38

本文选题：抗生素 + 垃圾处理　；参考：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：自20世纪40年代青霉素投入临床使用以来,抗生素便对人类的医疗卫生、疾病预防事业做出了巨大的贡献,但抗生素滥用加速抗生素抗性基因产生、传播和耐药性细菌的增加,对人类的健康造成严重威胁。人类排放的耐药性细菌可经多种途径迁移到城市生活废除处理设施,如污水处理厂、固废处理设施,并最终排入地表水体。因此,全面了解城市废物处理设施中的耐药性细菌分布状况对水环境生态健康和用水安全具有重要意义。本论文以城市污水处理厂、垃圾中转站、填埋场渗滤液及其附近地表水中耐药性细菌为对象,研究它们对9大类18种抗生素的耐药分布特征,了解城市废物处理设施中的耐药性大肠杆菌分布特征,为水环境健康和安全用水提供帮助。研究结果表明,垃圾中转站渗滤液中细菌浓度大于107CFU/mL,耐药性细菌浓度大于104FU/mL;垃圾填埋场渗滤液中细菌浓度大于107CFU/mL,耐药性细菌浓度大于103CFU/mL;垃圾填埋场附近地表水中细菌浓度大于107CFU/mL,耐药性细菌浓度大于105CFU/mL。细菌均对万古霉素、磺胺与甲氧苄啶双重耐药抗生素耐药水平较高,对头孢哌酮、左氧氟沙星耐药水平较低。从污水处理厂、垃圾中转站、填埋场渗滤液及其附近地表水中共分离出236株大肠杆菌,研究它们对18种抗生素耐药分布特征结果表明： 1.大肠杆菌的耐药性水平总体较高,全部大肠杆菌都表现出对2种及以上抗生素具有耐药性。 2.大肠杆菌耐药水平较高的抗生素大类为糖苷类、大环内酯类、β内酰胺类抗生素；耐药水平较低的抗生素大类为喹诺酮类、磺胺类、酰胺醇类抗生素。 3.80%大肠杆菌对50年代-60年代投入临床使用的抗生素耐药。 4.大肠杆菌对万古霉素、红霉素、阿莫西林、氨苄西林、亚胺培南耐药水平较高；对氧氟沙星,左氧氟沙星,头孢哌酮耐药水平较低。 5.大肠杆菌对9大类抗生素耐药性分布为2重-8重,平均为5重耐药。 6.对垃圾填埋场渗滤液与其附近地表水中微生物耐药性分布特征进行统计学分析,结果证明地表水体中微生物耐药性受垃圾填埋场渗滤液中耐药性微生物影响显著。
[Abstract]:Since penicillin was put into clinical use in the 1940s, antibiotics have made great contributions to human health and disease prevention, but antibiotic abuse has accelerated the production of antibiotic resistance genes, the spread of antibiotic resistance and the increase of drug-resistant bacteria. Pose a serious threat to human health. The drug-resistant bacteria discharged by human beings can be transported to the urban life to abolish the treatment facilities, such as sewage treatment plants, solid waste treatment facilities, and eventually into surface water. Therefore, it is important to understand the distribution of drug-resistant bacteria in municipal waste treatment facilities for the ecological health of water environment and water safety. In this paper, the drug resistant bacteria in leachate of municipal wastewater treatment plant, refuse transfer station, landfill leachate and its adjacent surface water were used to study the distribution characteristics of drug resistance to 18 kinds of antibiotics in 9 categories. To understand the distribution characteristics of resistant Escherichia coli in municipal waste treatment facilities, and to provide help for water environment health and safe water use. The results show that The concentration of bacteria in leachate of refuse transfer station is greater than 107 CFU / mL, the concentration of resistant bacteria is greater than 104 FU / mL; the concentration of bacteria in landfill leachate is more than 107 CFU / mL, and the concentration of resistant bacteria is greater than 103 CFU / mL; the concentration of bacteria in surface water near landfill is more than 107 CFU / mL. The concentration of drug-resistant bacteria was higher than 105 CFU / mL. The bacterial resistance to vancomycin, sulfamethylamine and trimethoprim was higher than that to cefoperazone and levofloxacin. A total of 236 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from leachate from sewage treatment plant, refuse transfer station, landfill leachate and surface water nearby. The distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistance to 18 antibiotics were studied. 1. The drug resistance level of Escherichia coli was high, all of them showed resistance to two or more antibiotics. 2. The antibiotics with higher resistance level of Escherichia coli were glycosides, macrolides, 尾 lactams, and quinolones, sulfonamides and amides with low resistance. 3.80% Escherichia coli was resistant to antibiotics in clinical use in 1950s and 1960s. 4. The resistance of Escherichia coli to vancomycin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, ampicillin and imipenem was higher than that to ofloxacin, levofloxacin and cefoperazone. 5. The drug resistance of Escherichia coli to 9 kinds of antibiotics was 2-8, with an average resistance of 5. 6. The distribution characteristics of microbial resistance in landfill leachate and its adjacent surface water were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the resistance of microorganisms in surface water was significantly affected by antibiotic resistance in landfill leachate.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R446.5

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