健康素养干预对养老机构老年人自我护理能力及身心健康的影响

发布时间：2019-08-17 18:03

【摘要】：目的对乌鲁木齐市养老机构老年人进行健康素养干预,评价干预效果,探讨适合养老机构老年人的健康教育措施。方法于2014年2-9月从乌鲁木齐市登记在册的养老机构中通过分层整群随机抽样,按照不同的规模、收费标准、营业性质随机抽取18家养老机构进行健康素养干预。干预组(9家养老机构)给予健康素养干预教育、播放健康素养宣教配套光碟、宣传活动、健康素养有奖知识竞赛、同伴教育,其中符合纳入和排除标准的研究对象为144例;对照组(9家养老机构)为147例,发放《中国公民健康素养读本—健康66条》和《老年人健康素养手册》各1本,定时在养老机构循环播放健康素养配套光碟。于干预前后进行问卷调查,组内自身前后、两组间均数比较采用配对t检验和两独立样本的t检验(或t’检验)评价干预效果,等级资料的比较采用秩和检验,组间率的比较采用χ2检验。结果干预组和对照组在社会人口学特征、自评健康状况、健康服务利用情况等方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组老年人健康素养总得分由(47.42±19.07)分提高到(134.95±8.65)分,对照组由(49.50±18.75)分提高到(70.42±30.80)分;干预组自我护理能力总得分由(60.62±15.24)分提高到(127.16±2.61)分,对照组由(58.54±10.28)分提高到(108.57±20.22)分,干预组老年人干预后健康素养、自我护理能力、健康状况总得分均较干预前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。对照组老年人干预后健康素养、自我护理能力总得分均较干预前升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),在健康状况3个维度中,身体健康和心理健康干预后得分均较干预前高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),日常生活活动能力得分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。干预组老年人干预后健康素养、自我护理能力、健康状况总得分及各维度得分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论通过健康素养干预,能有效地提高老年人的健康素养和自我护理能力水平,有益于老年人的身心健康。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the effect of health literacy intervention on the elderly in old-age institutions in Urumqi, and to explore the health education measures suitable for the elderly in pension institutions. Methods from February to September 2014, 18 pension institutions were randomly selected from registered institutions in Urumqi to carry out health literacy intervention according to different scale, charge standard and business nature. The intervention group (9 pension institutions) gave health literacy intervention education, broadcast health literacy education supporting CD-ROMs, publicity activities, health literacy award-winning knowledge competition, peer education, including 144 subjects who met the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. In the control group (9 pension institutions), 147 cases were distributed, and 1 copy of Chinese Citizen Health Literacy Reading-66 Health Literacy Manual and 1 Health Literacy Manual of the elderly were distributed, and the CD-ROMs of health literacy were played regularly in the old-age institutions. Before and after the intervention, the intervention effect was evaluated by pairing t test and t test (or t 'test) of two independent samples, rank sum test was used to compare the grade data, and 蠂 2 test was used to compare the rate between the two groups before and after the intervention, and before and after the intervention, the average number between the two groups was compared by pairing t test and the t test (or t' test) of two independent samples. Results there was no significant difference in socio-demographic characteristics, self-assessment of health status and utilization of health services between the intervention group and the control group (P 0.05). The total score of health literacy in the intervention group increased from (47.42 卤19.07) to (134.95 卤8.65), and that in the control group increased from (49.50 卤18.75) to (70.42 卤30.80). The total score of self-care ability in the intervention group increased from (60.62 卤15.24) to (127.16 卤2.61), while that in the control group increased from (58.54 卤10.28) to (108.57 卤20.22). The total scores of health literacy, self-care ability and health status of the elderly in the intervention group were significantly higher than those before intervention (P 0.01). The total scores of health literacy and self-nursing ability of the elderly in the control group after intervention were significantly higher than those before intervention (P 0.01). In the three dimensions of health status, the scores of physical health and mental health after intervention were higher than those before intervention, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.01), but there was no significant difference in the ability of daily living (P 0.05). After intervention, the health literacy, self-care ability, total score of health status and the score of each dimension in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P 0.01). Conclusion Health literacy intervention can effectively improve the health literacy and self-care ability of the elderly, which is beneficial to the physical and mental health of the elderly.
【作者单位】：宁夏人民医院西夏分院神经外科;宁夏人民医院护理部;
【基金】：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅自然科学基金项目(2013211A059) 乌鲁木齐市科技局基金项目(Y131310008)
【分类号】：R473.5

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