基于海绵城市建设的厦门城市暴雨内涝灾害风险研究

发布时间：2018-01-06 01:03

本文关键词：基于海绵城市建设的厦门城市暴雨内涝灾害风险研究　出处：《西安科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在全球气候变化和环境变化的大背景下,极端天气频频发生且呈显著增加态势,城市暴雨内涝问题已经成为我国多数大中城市必须面对和解决的“顽疾”。为了解决这一问题,我国提出了海绵城市建设并开展了相关试点建设工作。厦门是我国首批海绵城市试点建设城市之一,同时也是饱受城市内涝与水资源匮乏并存问题困扰的城市。开展基于海绵城市建设的厦门城市暴雨内涝灾害风险研究既有利于因地制宜解决厦门城市发展与资源环境问题,改善其城市人居环境,促进城镇化健康发展,同时也有利于探索和创建具有中国特色的海绵城市建设新内涵。本文以厦门市为研究区,在系统分析国内外海绵城市研究及城市暴雨内涝风险评估最新研究的基础上,综合利用GIS和RS技术手段,探索了一套简化的、可用于量化分析海绵城市建设前后城市暴雨内涝灾害特征及其风险预测的方法,并为厦门海绵城市建设提出了分区治理的建议。主要研究内容和成果如下:(1)通过量化分析1996-2014年厦门城市水文的时空演变特征,识别出了对厦门城市水文变化起关键作用的区域。结果表明:降雨量和城市不透水面的增加会使得城市径流量、径流系数增加,但城市下垫面景观配置的时空差异会使得城市水文存在区域性特征。厦门城市水文敏感区主要分布在岛外的沿海湾区,其中子流域13水文敏感性最强。子流域的水文敏感性与子流域的景观配置、受人类干扰程度以及地理位置有关,而与其面积大小无关。(2)通过构建简化的城市暴雨内涝模型,情景模拟分析了海绵城市建设前后城市暴雨内涝灾害的特征,识别出了城市易涝点的空间分布。结果表明:厦门城市下垫面的土地利用类型中最容易受灾的是建设用地和耕地;厦门城市下垫面承灾体脆弱性在空间上呈明显的阶梯状分布,其沿海区域的承灾体脆弱性明显高于北部山区:厦门市易涝区主要分布在岛内{|{\湖、高崎、五缘湾、环岛路以及岛外海沧市民广场和角嵩路、杏林湾、同安湾和大嶝岛海域附近。(3)通过构建城市暴雨内涝灾害预测模型,综合预测分析了城市内部各个区域发生内涝的概率,识别出了城市风险区位置和规模。结果表明:厦门城市内涝灾害高风险区主要分布在{|{\湖两侧(仙岳路以南和成功大道以西区域)、高崎机场以北区域、吕岭路与环岛干路交汇处、长岸路两侧(海天码头至高崎码头路段)、海沧滨湖北路以西和马青路以南区域、集美大道、诚毅东路、杏林路和杏滨路、同安区海翔大道以东和滨海东大道以西区域以及城市填海造陆区域。
[Abstract]:In the background of global climate change and environmental change, the frequent occurrence of extreme weather and showed a significant increase trend, the city waterlogging problem has become the most major city in China must face and solve the ills. In order to solve this problem, our country put forward the sponge city construction and carry out the relevant pilot construction work. Xiamen is one of China's first batch of sponge city pilot construction of the city, but also suffered waterlogging in the city and water resources shortage coexist problem plagued city. The development of Xiamen City rainstorm waterlogging disaster risk research based on sponge city construction is conducive to the development of Xiamen city and to solve the problems of resources and environment, improve the city living environment, promote the healthy urbanization the development, but also conducive to explore and create a unique China sponge city to build a new connotation. This paper takes Xiamen city as the study area, in the Department of Based the analysis of the domestic and foreign research and sponge City City waterlogging risk assessment of the latest research on the comprehensive utilization of GIS and RS technology, explored a set of simplified and can be used for the quantitative analysis method of city waterlogging disaster characteristics and risk forecast of the city before and after the construction of sponge, put forward to partition governance proposals Xiamen sponge city construction. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) through the quantitative analysis of 1996-2014 in Xiamen City hydrology spatio-temporal evolution characteristics, identify plays a key role in the change of hydrological in Xiamen city. The results showed that the regional rainfall and the city impervious surface increases City runoff, runoff coefficient increases, but the spatial and temporal differences the surface configuration of the landscape city will make the city hydrological underlying regional features exist. Xiamen city hydrological sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the island along the Gulf region, the neutron flux 13. The most sensitive domain of hydrological hydrological sensitivity and sub basin of the sub basin landscape configuration, human disturbance degree and geographical location, and its size. (2) the city waterlogging model simplified, scenario analysis of sponge city before and after the construction characteristics of city waterlogging disaster, identified the city waterlogged point spatial distribution. The results show that the Xiamen city underlying surface land use types is the most easily affected land and cultivated land in Xiamen city under construction; surface vulnerability obvious ladder like distribution in space, the coastal area of vulnerability was significantly higher than that in northern mountainous area: Xiamen city in flood prone areas are mainly distributed in the {|{Lake, Xiamen, Wuyuan Bay, the road around the island and the island Haicang public square and the angle of song Road, Xinglin Bay, near Tong'an Bay and Dadeng Island (3) by building the city. The prediction model of waterlogging disaster prediction, comprehensive analysis of the probability of various regions within the city waterlogging, to identify the location and size of city risk area. The results showed that: Xiamen City waterlogging disaster in high risk areas are mainly distributed in the {|{lake on both sides (Xianyue road to the South and the success of the high road west area), Gaoqi airport to the north area. Luling road and Island Road Interchange, long shore road on both sides (Hai Tian pier to pier Takasaki Road), Binhu Road West and Haicang area south of Ma Qing Road, Jimei Avenue, Cheng Yi Road, Xinglin road and apricot Road, Tong'an District Haixiang Boulevard East and west of the region and the coastal road east city land reclamation area.

【学位授予单位】：西安科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P426.616;TU992

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