山西近代教育建筑的发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 12:02

本文关键词：山西近代教育建筑的发展研究　出处：《太原理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国近代的发展历程,是在半殖民地半封建性质的社会背景下蹒跚、曲折前行的历史进程。从鸦片战争开始到1949年建国前,全国的大部分地区基本都处于战争的社会状态之下,没有一个稳定的社会环境来发展经济、工业、建筑业以及社会的各行各业。近代是现代化的序曲,是社会现代化的转型期,社会的发展需要一个安定、有序的环境,而中国的近代转型期是在一个无序、杂乱的社会环境下进行的,近代的教育事业就是在这样的历史背景下发展前行的。清朝末期,清政府推行了一系列“新学”的政策,山西虽然地处内陆,相对比较闭塞,但也受全国大势所影响,在教育理念和教育质量方面都有了很大的提高,兴建、创办了许多中小学堂、专业技术学校等,为近代教育的普及和人民素质的提高做出了很大的贡献,在山西的近代时期上还创办了与“北洋大学堂”(现天津大学的前身)和“京师大学堂”(现北京大学的前身)齐名的山西大学堂,在中国的近代教育史上占据很有分量的一席。山西近代的教育建筑,一直以来受到各界学者的关注都不是特别多,虽然也有一部分学者做了不少努力,有了一些研究成果。山西省立国民师范、铭贤学校(现山西农业大学)和山西大学堂等建筑受到的关注比较大,他们从地理位置上看大都位于太原地区或者附近交通较为便利的地区,在山西地区的总体研究方面还很薄弱。鉴于现有的研究情况,笔者特意选取了山西近代教育建筑作为研究对象,以山西近代教育的发展脉络为历史背景,通过查阅历史文献资料,整理分析以后,发现山西近代的教育发展大致可以分为三个历史时期:清朝末期、阎锡山在山西当政的时期、战乱时期;在这三个历史时期中教育建筑的兴建有不同的特点,但总体上可以分为三种情况:占用旧有建筑、改建扩建旧有建筑、兴建新建筑;之后通过查阅山西省的文物普查文献,去各地实地调研分析总结出山西近代的教育建筑在建设背景、平面布局、建筑立面、建筑装饰、建筑风格等方面的总体特点并分别列举现存的近代教育建筑的例子加以说明。最后分析总结在山西近代发展历程中教育建筑的历史价值以及历史地位、保存现状以及近代教育建筑遗产的保护与再利用。
[Abstract]:The development of China in modern times is a historical process of stumbling and tortuous progress under the background of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, from the beginning of the Opium War to the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949. Most parts of the country are basically in a state of war, and there is no stable social environment for the development of economy, industry, construction and social trades. Modern times are the prelude to modernization. It is the transition period of social modernization, and the development of the society needs a stable and orderly environment, while the transition period of modern China is carried out in a disorderly and chaotic social environment. In the late Qing Dynasty, the Qing government carried out a series of "new learning" policies, although Shanxi is located inland, relatively closed. But also affected by the general situation of the country, in the concept of education and the quality of education have been greatly improved, the construction, the establishment of many primary and secondary schools, professional and technical schools and so on. It has made great contribution to the popularization of modern education and the improvement of people's quality. In the modern period of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University was founded in the same name as "Beiyang University" (now the predecessor of Tianjin University) and "Peking University" (now the predecessor of Peking University). In the modern history of education in China occupies a very important seat. Shanxi's modern educational architecture has been paid less attention to by scholars from all walks of life, although some scholars have made a lot of efforts. With some research results, Shanxi National Teachers College, Ming Xian School (now Shanxi Agricultural University) and Shanxi University buildings have received more attention. Most of them are located in Taiyuan area or near the area where traffic is more convenient, but the overall research in Shanxi area is still very weak. In view of the existing research situation. The author specially selected Shanxi modern educational architecture as the research object, taking the development of Shanxi modern education as the historical background, through consulting historical documents, sorting out and analyzing. It is found that the development of modern education in Shanxi can be roughly divided into three historical periods: the late Qing Dynasty, the period when Yan Xishan was in power in Shanxi, and the period of war; In these three historical periods, the construction of educational buildings has different characteristics, but on the whole, it can be divided into three kinds: occupying old buildings, rebuilding and extending old buildings, and building new buildings; After that, through consulting the literature of cultural relics survey in Shanxi Province, the author analyzes and sums up the construction background, plane layout, building facade and architectural decoration of modern educational buildings in Shanxi Province. Architectural style and other aspects of the overall characteristics and enumeration of the existing examples of modern educational architecture to illustrate. Finally analysis and summary of the historical value and historical status of educational architecture in Shanxi's modern development process. Conservation status and protection and reuse of modern educational architectural heritage.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU-092;TU244

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