面向特大城市的风环境容量指标和区划初探——以北京为例

发布时间：2018-01-14 17:09

本文关键词：面向特大城市的风环境容量指标和区划初探——以北京为例　出处：《气候变化研究进展》2017年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：利用气象观测、高分辨率城市地理信息和卫星遥感数据,通过将气象类指标与城市类指标相结合,开展了北京地区风环境容量指标和区划的探索性研究。结果表明:水平风速和大气混合层厚度两个指标在空间上均呈北部和东部地区高、中心城区和西南地区低的特征;中心城核心区和卫星城的地表粗糙度长度较高,二环内老城区建筑多为平房,地表粗糙度长度小于二环外其他中心城区,形成较明显的空心环状结构;在中心城区外的植被地区,北部和西部山区粗糙度长度明显高于平原区;加权综合水平风速、大气混合层厚度和地表粗糙度长度3个指标,计算不同等级风环境容量指数阈值,在空间上西南地区的房山、门头沟、海淀、石景山、丰台以及中心城区的东城和西城等地风环境容量指数较低,其中二环至四环范围是风环境容量指数最低区域,这与北京经济、金融和商业中心空间分布一致;延庆、怀柔、密云的北部以及通州的绝大部分地区为风环境容量指数高值区,其他平原区多为中等风环境容量指数区。
[Abstract]:Using meteorological observation, high-resolution urban geographic information and satellite remote sensing data, the meteorological index and the urban index are combined. An exploratory study was carried out on the index of wind environmental capacity and the regionalization in Beijing. The results showed that the horizontal wind speed and the thickness of the mixed layer of the atmosphere were both high in the north and east regions in space. Low characteristics of central urban area and southwest area; The core area of central city and satellite city have higher surface roughness length. The old urban buildings in the second ring ring are mostly bungalows, and the surface roughness length is smaller than that of other central urban areas outside the second ring ring, forming an obvious hollow annular structure. In the vegetation areas outside the central urban area, the roughness length of the northern and western mountainous areas is obviously higher than that of the plain areas. Weighted synthesis horizontal wind speed, atmospheric mixed layer thickness and surface roughness length three indexes, calculates the different grade wind environment capacity index threshold, in the space southwest area Fangshan, Mentougou, Haidian, Shijingshan. The wind environmental capacity index of Fengtai and Dongcheng and Xicheng in central urban area is low, and the range from the second ring to the fourth ring is the lowest, which is consistent with the spatial distribution of Beijing economic, financial and commercial centers. In Yanqing, Huairou, the northern part of Miyun and Tongzhou, most areas are high value area of wind environment capacity index, while other plain areas are mostly medium wind environment capacity index region.
【作者单位】：北京市气候中心;北京市城市规划设计研究院;
【基金】：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201506,CCSF201728);中国气象局气候变化创新团队国家自然科学基金(71473146) 北京市科技计划(Z161100001216011) 北京市气象局城市气候评估创新团队建设计划
【分类号】：P463.3
【正文快照】： 引言特定范围内的气候所能承载的人口、经济、社会等要素的能力是有限的[1-3],气候容量包含许多影响因子,其中,风环境是生态城市建设、城市规划和建筑设计需考虑的一个重要环境要素,其对缓解城市空气污染、减轻城市热岛效应、降低建筑物能耗以及提高城市宜居性有重要作用[4-

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