基于钻进响应的岩石（体）特性识别理论与方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-18 03:08

本文关键词：基于钻进响应的岩石（体）特性识别理论与方法研究　出处：《北京科技大学》2017年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：岩石(体)特性参数的获取是岩体工程中的一项重要任务,只有充分了解地下岩石强度及岩体结构等信息才可以开展合理地设计、施工与维护。获取岩石(体)特性的方法主要有钻孔取芯室内岩石物理力学测试、钻孔摄像以及地球物理勘探。考虑到钻孔作业在以上获取岩石(体)特性的方法中是一项必不可少的工序,而且钻进过程中会伴随产生大量未开发的有用信息,通过钻进响应对岩石(体)特性进行识别将有望成为快捷获取地下岩石(体)原位特性的新方法。本论文从理论分析和室内试验两方面开展了相关的探索性研究,主要的工作及结论如下:(1)开展基于间接参量的岩石强度参数估算研究,为了寻求合适的估算方法与技术。通过引入岩石P波模量的概念,提出了基于P波模量的岩石强度估算模型并采用两种岩性岩石数据进行了验证,结果表明:通过岩石密度和纵波波速平方乘积求得的P波模量与岩石强度具有相同的量纲;P波模量与岩石强度间存在很好的线性相关性,拓宽了基于间接量化指标开展岩石强度估算的方法。通过引入软计算技术中的最小二乘支持向量机方法建立岩石强度估算模型,结果表明:最小二乘支持向量机相比传统统计回归方法在解决小样本、非线性预测问题中更具优势,在岩石强度估算中取得了很好的效果(判定系数大于0.99),可为基于钻进响应的岩石(体)特性识别研究提供科学有效方法。(2)通过建立地层地质界面仪器识别系统中钻进过程的识别方法,对钻机工作参数实时监测并对钻进子过程进行实时识别,运用纯钻进子过程位移曲线导出穿孔速率指标以及钻进比能指标,确定了地层岩体结构的分类判别标准,实现了地层结构的实时识别。(3)在对旋转钻进中孕镶金刚石钻头和三牙轮钻头破岩过程分析的基础上,基于Teale提出的钻进破碎比功概念,引入钻头滑移摩擦系数和钻进能量传递率两个参数,建立了基于钻进参数估算岩石强度的理论模型。通过牙轮钻钻进岩石强度估算模型,对各影响因素进行了分析,结果表明:岩石单轴抗压强度随钻进速率呈反比例函数衰减,与滑移摩擦系数和能量传递率呈线性递增关系。通过金刚石取芯钻进试验数据对钻进岩石强度估算理论模型中能量传递率与摩擦系数间关系进行了确定,并建立了不同岩性岩石的钻进过程岩石强度估算模型。(4)钻机在钻进岩石过程中会产生大量的噪声,而其中由钻头破碎孔底岩石时伴随产生的声响携带着与孔底岩石特性相关的信息。通过开展基于钻进过程声级的岩石参数识别研究,结合室内钻进声学测试试验数据建立了基于钻进过程声级的岩石参数统计回归模型与LS-SVM估算模型,并对两种估算模型进行了对比分析。结果表明:同一岩性岩石在钻进过程中产生的声级变化不大,极差在0.9～2.7 dB(A)之间;岩石特性参数的统计回归模型与钻进过程中产生的声级相关性较大,而受钻进工况影响较小;通过统计回归分析和LS-SVM方法建立的岩石参数估算模型的判定系数分别均大于0.90和0.98,表明LS-SVM方法在岩石参数估算中更具有优势。(5)基于自行设计的钻进动力学模拟试验台,采用铁精粉、细砂、石膏、水泥制作岩石相似材料试块,通过应力波测试法监测在冲击式钻进过程中钻杆中的应力波响应,开展了基于钻杆应力波响应特性的岩石强度特性识别研究。结果表明:撞击杆冲击速率与钻杆入射应力波幅值间存在很好的线性相关性,与理论模型的误差在0.93%,证明了该试验台在钻进应力波响应试验中的可靠性;对于相同特性的试样,钻杆中入射应力波能与初次反射应力波能均与冲击速率呈线性关系,但应力波能量损耗率与冲击速率间呈凸抛物线型关系;通过试验数据建立了应力波能量损耗率与试样单轴抗压强度及撞击杆冲击速率的多元线性关系模型,据此可在冲击速率和应力波能量损耗率已知的条件下对钻进过程中岩石强度指标进行估算。(6)基于钻进动力学模拟系统开展了含孔洞结构岩体的钻进响应特征研究,通过对钻杆中应力波的监测获取了用于响应特征的评价指标。结果表明:峰值反射应力比与冲击能不相关连,而反射应变比能随着冲击能的增大而降低。在冲击能较低情况下,孔洞结构对反射应力波响应的影响较小。随着冲击能的增大,孔洞结构对响应的影响加剧。岩石试样沿着孔洞结构的轴线发生劈裂,岩石破坏后反射应变比能有明显增加。通过理论分析与室内试验两方面开展了基于钻进响应的岩石(体)特性识别研究,丰富了岩石(体)特性参数获取的间接方法,可推动钻孔过程监测技术以及随钻岩性识别技术在岩石(体)工程中的应用。
[Abstract]:Rock (body) acquisition parameters is an important task in rock engineering, only fully understand the underground rock strength and rock mass structure information can carry out reasonable design, construction and maintenance. To obtain rock (body) characteristics are the main methods of core drilling indoor rock physical mechanics test, borehole camera and earth physical exploration. Considering the drilling operation to obtain rock in the above characteristics (body) method is a necessary process, and in the process of drilling will be accompanied by a lot of useful information is not developed, through the response of rock drilling (body) characteristic recognition is expected to become a fast access to the underground rock (body) new method for in situ characterization. This thesis has carried out exploratory related research from two aspects of theoretical analysis and laboratory test, the main work and conclusions are as follows: (1) to carry out the estimation of rock strength parameters based on indirect parameters The research, in order to seek appropriate estimation method and technology. By introducing the concept of rock P wave modulus, the rock strength estimation model based on P wave modulus and verified, using two kinds of rocks. The results indicate that the data obtained by the rock density and P-wave velocity of P wave square product of the same modulus and strength of rock there is a good linear correlation dimension; P wave modulus and strength of rock, broaden the indirect method of quantitative index for rock strength estimation based on least squares. Through the introduction of soft computing technology in support vector machine method to estimate the model, built Tachi Ishi strength results show that compared to the traditional least squares support vector machine regression method in solving the small sample. The nonlinear prediction problem more advantage, and achieved good results in rock strength estimation (determination coefficient greater than 0.99), is based on the response of drilling The rock (body) to provide scientific and effective methods of identification of characteristics. (2) recognition method of drilling process through the establishment of geological interface instrument recognition system, the drilling rig working parameters real-time monitoring and real-time identification on the drilling process, the drilling process displacement curve derived perforation rate index and drilling ratio can determine the index. The classification of strata structure criterion, realizes the real-time recognition of stratigraphic structure. (3) in the rotary drilling of impregnated diamond bit and three bit rock breaking process based on the analysis of drilling, Teale proposed the crushing work ratio based on the concept of the introduction of friction coefficient and slip rate of drilling bit energy transfer two parameters the drilling parameter estimation theory, a model for rock strength. Through the cone drilling rock strength estimation model, the effect of each factor is analyzed, the results show that the rock The uniaxial compressive strength with the drilling rate is inversely proportional to the attenuation function, the rate was increased in a linear relationship with the sliding friction coefficient and energy transfer. The diamond core drilling test data for drilling rock strength estimation of energy transfer rate and the friction coefficient between the definite theoretical model, and the establishment of the drilling process of rock strength estimation model rock. (4) the rig will produce a lot of noise in the drilling process of rock, which is composed of a drill bit broken hole bottom rock with the sound of carrying the information related to the hole bottom rock characteristics. Through the development of rock drilling parameter identification based on process level based on the combination of the indoor drilling test data to establish acoustic test the statistical parameters of rock drilling process noise level estimation model based on regression model and LS-SVM, and the two kinds of models were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the same The level changes of rocks generated in the drilling process is in the range from 0.9 to 2.7 dB (A); statistical regression model and the characteristic parameters of rock drilling process of the sound level produced greater correlation, by drilling through rock parameters influence; statistical regression analysis and the LS-SVM method to estimate the coefficient of determination model respectively. Were more than 0.90 and 0.98, showed that the LS-SVM method has more advantages in estimation of rock parameters. (5) drilling simulation test bench is designed based on the dynamics, using iron powder, fine sand, gypsum, cement production of rock similar material specimens, the stress wave testing method in monitoring the impact in the process of drilling rod the stress wave response, the drill pipe stress on rock strength characteristics of the wave identification based on response. The results show that the impact shock rate and incident between drill pipe with good linear force amplitude The correlation of error, and the theoretical model in 0.93%, proved that the test bench in drilling stress wave response reliability test; samples for the same characteristics of the drill pipe in stress wave wave linearly with the impact velocity and initial reflecting stress, but the stress wave energy is convex parabolic the relationship between weight loss rate and impact rate; the test data should be multivariate linear relationship model of uniaxial compressive strength of stress wave energy loss rate and the sample and impact bar impact rate is established, which in the impact velocity and stress wave energy loss rate is given under the conditions of the rock strength index in the process of drilling (estimated. 6) drilling dynamics simulation system was carried out with rock drilling hole structure based on response characteristics, through the monitoring of pipe stress wave in the acquisition for response evaluation index characteristics. The results show that the peak reflection should be The stress ratio are not related with impact energy, and the reflection of strain ratio can reduce with the increase of impact energy and impact energy. In the case of low, pore structure of reflection should be less effect on stress wave response. With the increase of impact energy, pore structure effect on the response of the intensified. Rock samples along axis hole structure split, after rock failure reflecting strain energy increased significantly. By two aspects of theoretical analysis and laboratory tests were carried out based on the response of rock drilling (body) recognition of characteristics, rich rocks (body) indirect method of characteristic parameter acquisition, can promote the technology of drilling process monitoring and lithology identification technology in rock drilling (body) application in engineering.

【学位授予单位】：北京科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU45

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