基于GIS的绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 06:19

本文关键词： 应急避难场所空间布局 GIS 绵阳市　出处：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为了降低自然和人为灾害带来的损失,我国制定了一系列防灾减灾措施及法律法规来保证居民的生命财产安全。其中,应急避难场所作为行之有效的减灾措施,一直是防灾减灾规划建设的要点。近年来,我国应急避难场所建设方面取得了斐然的成绩,但仍存在着布局不合理,服务效率低下等问题。因此,本文在梳理国内外相关研究成果的基础上,利用GIS技术辅助决策,选取Arc GIS作为空间分析平台,对绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局进行研究,其具体研究内容及结果如下:(1)绵阳市应急避难场所供需服务能力评价。通过网络分析法,结合绵阳市人口密度分布图,叠加分析绵阳市紧急应急避难场所与固定应急避难场所的服务供需现状,研究绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局所存在的问题。结果显示:绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局不合理,空间分布不均衡,应急避难场所分布与人口分布契合度低且各场所服务效能差异巨大。(2)绵阳市应急避难场所的空间布局优化。根据现状问题及相关法律法规,确定应急避难场所选址原则与影响因素。通过文献研究构建应急避难场所选址模型。优化过程中基于Arc GIS平台运行最小设施点数量及最大覆盖范围模型求解,再与绵阳市土地利用现状和目标对象的拟合,得到绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局优化方案,确定新建或改建城市应急避难场所共13处。(3)绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局优化方案合理性评价。从安全性、可达性、有效性3个方面中的9个具体指标对绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局优化方案的合理性进行评价,并根据评价结果,提出绵阳市应急避难场所规划实施的原则及场所建设的建议。结果显示:绵阳市应急避难场所空间布局优化方案空间布局较为合理.所有应急避难场所均处于建设条件良好且地形坡度适中区域。应急避难场所整体服务覆盖率达到了93.39%的可达覆盖。应急避难场所距紧急救援设施距离除少数场所外,均在合理的服务半径之中。应急避难场所的服务面积达到了88%以上,且总体服务容量比适应社会的发展及人口增长,能够在未来长时间内满足绵阳市二环内居民的长期避难需求。
[Abstract]:In order to reduce the losses caused by natural and man-made disasters, China has formulated a series of disaster prevention and mitigation measures and laws and regulations to ensure the safety of residents' lives and property. In recent years, China has made great achievements in emergency shelter construction, but there are still some problems, such as unreasonable layout and low service efficiency. On the basis of combing the related research results at home and abroad, this paper chooses Arc GIS as the spatial analysis platform to study the spatial layout of emergency shelter sites in Mianyang City by using GIS technology to assist decision-making. Its specific research content and results are as follows: 1) Mianyang emergency shelter supply and demand service capacity evaluation. Through network analysis, combined with Mianyang population density distribution map. Superposition analysis of Mianyang emergency emergency shelter and fixed emergency shelter service supply and demand status. The results show that the spatial layout of emergency shelter in Mianyang is unreasonable and the spatial distribution is not balanced. The distribution of emergency shelter and population distribution is low and the service efficiency of each place is very different.) the space layout of emergency shelter in Mianyang City is optimized according to the current situation and relevant laws and regulations. To determine the principles and influencing factors of emergency shelter location. To construct the emergency shelter location model through literature research. The optimization process based on Arc. The minimum number of facility points and the maximum coverage range model of GIS platform are solved. And then with the current situation of land use in Mianyang City and the fitting of the target object, get the emergency shelter in Mianyang City spatial layout optimization scheme. To determine 13 new or rebuilt emergency shelters in Mianyang City emergency shelter space layout optimization scheme rationality evaluation. From the security, accessibility. The validity of the three aspects of the nine specific indicators of Mianyang City emergency shelter space layout optimization of the rationality of the evaluation, and based on the evaluation results. The principles of emergency shelter planning and construction in Mianyang City are put forward. The results show that:. The space layout optimization scheme of emergency shelter in Mianyang is more reasonable. All emergency shelters are in good construction conditions and moderate terrain gradient. The overall service coverage of emergency shelters reaches 9. 5%. 3.39% of the coverage. Emergency shelter from the emergency rescue facilities apart from a few places. The service area of the emergency shelter reached more than 88%, and the overall service capacity was more than to adapt to the development of society and population growth. In the future long-term to meet the Mianyang second ring residents long-term asylum needs.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P208;TU984.116

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