四种植物分别组成的生物滞留系统滞蓄与净化道路雨水的效应比较

发布时间：2018-02-06 06:25

本文关键词： 生物滞留道路雨水四种植物适应能力污染物去除率　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生态园林城市的推进和海绵城市概念的提出,雨水收集利用技术等得到了越来越多的关注和应用,尤其是低影响开发技术(Low Impact Development,LID)得到了迅速的发展。而生物滞留设施作为其最具代表性的措施,成为未来可以大规模推广的生态举措。本文通过模拟自然降雨强度与道路雨水污染物,在生物滞留设施基质相同的条件下进行控制变量试验,比较探究四种植物组成的生物滞留系统滞蓄与净化道路雨水的效用。首先,比较生物滞留系统中的四种植物,分别是头花蓼(Polygonum capitatum)、玉龙草(Ophiopogon bodinieri)、狼尾草(Pennisetum alopecuroides)、地瓜藤(Ficus tikoua)与整体生物滞留系统的滞蓄和净化道路雨水的效用。其次,对四种植物的耐水淹和抗干旱能力进行综合能力的比较。第三,对添加了覆盖层(沸石、火山岩)的生物滞留系统去除道路雨水径流污染物的效果进行了初步的探讨。主要研究结果如下:(1)植物层滞留雨水时间为4.8-14.0 h,系统可以滞留雨水7.0-17.9 h,且随着进水量的加大,植物层和系统层的差异显著(P0.05)。在基质相同的条件下,同种植物在不同进水量情况下滞留雨水时间差异极显著(P0.01),不同植物在相同进水量条件下滞留雨水时间差异显著(P0.05)。(2)三种降雨强度,不同的植物系统,蒸发与植物蒸腾量不超过总雨量的7%,每立方米的生物滞留系统基质蓄水量稳定在13.68 L。(3)四种植物在不同水分处理的适应能力均可作为道路地被植物,且依次推荐为狼尾草,头花蓼,地瓜藤,玉龙草。(4)(1)植物层能够中和弱酸性道路雨水径流,且基质中和弱酸性道路雨水径流的效用大于植物层,经过基质渗透过滤后,酸碱度在植物过滤的基础上平均升高0.59。(2)对于道路径流雨水污染物污染物COD、TN、TP的去除,植物与系统出水口的径流TN值差异极显著(P0.01),系统效果明显好于植物单一效果;(3)植物对COD的去除率从大到小依次为头花蓼,狼尾草,玉龙草,地瓜藤。(4)植物层去除TN不稳定,植物层与系统测得的去除率不成正相关,去除率从大到小排列为狼尾草头花蓼玉龙草地瓜藤。整体系统TN去除率从大到小为头花蓼狼尾草地瓜藤玉龙草。(5)对TP的去除也较为不稳定,总体上植物层与系统层的去除率呈正相关。按照去除TP率的大小依次是,狼尾草,地瓜藤,头花蓼,玉龙草。(5)总体上,添加了两种覆盖物使得生物滞留系统的COD去除率平均提高8.32%,TN去除率平均提高12.61%,TP去除率平均提高9.23%。两种覆盖层对pH值没有明显影响;对COD的去除,沸石和生物滞留系统的整体搭配效果比火山岩和生物滞留系统的整体搭配好;对TN和TP的去除,火山岩和生物滞留系统的整体搭配效果比沸石和生物滞留系统的整体搭配好。
[Abstract]:With the advance of ecological garden city and the concept of sponge city, Rain Water collection and utilization technology has been paid more and more attention and application. In particular, low Impact Development (lid), a low-impact development technology, has been rapidly developed, and biological detention facilities are the most representative measure. This paper simulates the natural rainfall intensity and the road Rain Water pollutant, and carries on the control variable experiment under the condition of the same substrate of the biological detention facility. This paper compares the effects of the four kinds of plants in the biological retention system and the purification road Rain Water. Firstly, the four species of plants in the biological retention system are compared. They are Polygonum capitatum and Ophiopogon bodinieri. Penisetum alopecuroides. Ficus tikoua) and the utility of the whole biological retention system of the stagnant storage and purification road Rain Water. The comprehensive ability of water flooding tolerance and drought resistance of four plants was compared. Thirdly, the overlay (zeolite) was added. The main results are as follows: 1) the Rain Water time in plant layer is 4.8-14.0 h. The system can stay in Rain Water 7.0-17.9 h, and with the increase of influent amount, the difference between plant layer and system layer is significant (P0.05). The retention time of the same plant under different water intake was significantly different (P0.01). Under the same water intake condition, different plants have significant difference in the retention time of Rain Water (P0.05N. 2) three rainfall intensity, different plant system, evaporation and plant transpiration less than 7% of the total rainfall. The adaptability of four plants to different water treatments can be used as land cover plants for road, and recommended as Wolfspruce in turn. The substrate water storage capacity of each cubic meter of biological retention system is stable at 13.68 L 路m ~ (3) 路m ~ (-1). The plant layer can neutralize the Rain Water runoff of weak acid road, and the utility of substrate neutralizing Rain Water runoff on weak acid road is greater than that of plant layer. The average increase of pH on the basis of plant filtration was 0.59.02) and the removal of pollutants from road runoff, Rain Water pollutant, COD ~ (2 +) ~ (+) ~ (2 +) TNTP was studied. The difference of TN value between plant and system outlet was significant (P0.01), and the effect of system was better than that of single plant. (3) the removal rate of COD from big to small is Polygonum capitatum, Lyrtle, Magnolia, Thunb. 4) the removal rate of TN in plant layer is unstable, and the removal rate of plant layer is not positive correlation with the removal rate measured by the system. The removal rate was arranged from big to small to the leaves of Polygonum hydropiper. The removal rate of TN in the whole system was also unstable from big to small. On the whole, the removal rate of plant layer was positively correlated with the removal rate of system layer. According to the removal rate of TP, the order of removal rate was, the order of removal rate was: Wolfgrass, melon vine, Polygonum capitatum, Yolongcao. 5) on the whole. With the addition of two kinds of mulch, the average COD removal rate of the biological retention system was increased by 8.32% and the average removal rate of TN was increased by 12.61%. The average removal rate of TP was increased by 9.23.The two coatings had no significant effect on pH value. For the removal of COD, the overall collocation effect of zeolite and biological retention system is better than that of volcanic rock and biological retention system. For the removal of TN and TP, the overall collocation of volcanic rock and bioretention system is better than that of zeolite and bioretention system.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992;TV213.9

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