关于对巨幕类影厅火灾烟气运动及人员疏散研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 14:15

本文关键词： 巨幕类影厅 IMAX 4K双机厅数值模拟安全性分析　出处：《西南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国电影事业的不断发展,为提高观众观影兴趣,给观众提供更加震撼的视听感觉,巨幕类电影院应运而生。然而,巨幕类影厅由于其功能需要,内部空间及建筑高度相较于传统影厅大大增加,往往超过了建筑规范规定的建筑面积要求,同时其设施设备的增加也加大了巨幕类影厅内的火灾荷载,同时也增加了潜在的火灾诱发因素,增大了巨幕类影厅内火灾危险性。巨幕类影厅为大空间构造,同时,由于空间较大观众人数增多且年龄分布较广,在火灾发生时会由于恐慌、拥挤等因素对安全疏散造成一定的影响。但其顶部大空间具有一定的蓄烟能力,对疏散较为有利。现行建筑规范对此并无特殊考虑。因此,此类巨幕类影厅火灾情况下观影人员能否安全进行疏散,是急需解决的问题。本文以巨幕类影厅(IMAX、4K双机厅)发生火灾时烟气运动与人员安全疏散方式的关键的科学问题为导向,围绕巨幕类影厅(IMAX、4K双机厅)火灾过程中烟气运动及疏散的影响因素及其相互作用开展研究工作。以江苏省淮安市某巨幕类影厅为工程背景,通过数值模拟的形式,研究巨幕类影厅火灾时烟气运动及观影人员疏散的关键参数,得到了巨幕类影厅能够安全进行疏散。本文主要有以下结论:(1)通过FDS软件数值模拟分析,分析了巨幕类影厅(IMAX、4K双机厅)火灾烟气运动规律,确定了观影人员可用的安全疏散时间;(2)利用数值模拟软件PathFinder对疏散过程中人员行走所需要的时间进行了数值模拟,得到了不同火灾情况下在疏散过程中观影人员行走所需要的时间,详见表4.10),结合报警时间以及人员响应时间,最终确定了观影人员必需安全疏散时间;(3)模拟了最不利情况(火源位于疏散出口处时)人员必需安全行走时间,发现此时IMAX与4K双机厅疏散时间分别增长1.10倍与1.12倍;(4)当增加一条额外疏散通道时,将大大降低人员安全疏散行走时间,总时间降低0.92倍,对于人员安全疏散十分有必要。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of the film industry in China, in order to improve the audience's interest in watching film and provide the audience with a more shocking audio-visual feeling, the giant screen cinema came into being. Compared with traditional auditorium, the inner space and building height increase greatly, often exceeding the building area requirements stipulated in the building code, and the increase of facilities and equipment also increases the fire load in the auditorium. At the same time, it also increases the potential fire inducing factors, and increases the fire risk in the giant screen shadow hall, which is a large space structure. At the same time, because of the large space audience and the wide distribution of age, When the fire occurs, some factors, such as panic, congestion and so on, will have a certain impact on the safety evacuation. However, the large space at the top has a certain capacity to store smoke, which is more favorable to the evacuation. There is no special consideration for this in the current building code. It is urgent to solve the problem of whether or not the spectators can be evacuated safely under the fire condition. This paper is guided by the key scientific problems of smoke movement and the way of safe evacuation of people during the fire. The research work is carried out around the influencing factors of smoke movement and evacuation and their interaction during the fire of the giant screen shadow hall (IMAX 4K). Taking a giant screen hall in Huaian City, Jiangsu Province, as the engineering background, the numerical simulation is carried out through the form of numerical simulation. In this paper, the key parameters of smoke movement and the evacuation of people during the fire of the giant screen hall are studied, and the safe evacuation of the large screen hall is obtained. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) the numerical simulation and analysis of the smoke movement and the evacuation of the viewing personnel are carried out by the FDS software. This paper analyzes the fire smoke movement law of the giant screen shadow hall (IMAX4K), and determines the safe evacuation time available for the viewer. The time required for the evacuation is simulated by using the numerical simulation software PathFinder. The time required to walk in the evacuation process is obtained under different fire conditions, as detailed in Table 4.10. combined with alarm time and response time, Finally, the necessary safe evacuation time for the people watching the film is determined. (3) the most disadvantageous situation (when the fire source is located at the exit of the evacuation) is simulated, and the safe walking time of the personnel is simulated. It is found that the evacuation time of IMAX and 4K double aircraft hall increases by 1.10 times and 1.12 times respectively. When an additional evacuation passage is added, the walking time of safe evacuation will be greatly reduced, and the total time will be reduced by 0.92 times, which is very necessary for the safe evacuation of personnel.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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