广西乡村文化景观分类与评价体系探讨

发布时间：2018-02-10 16:24

本文关键词： 乡村文化景观景观分类景观评价广西　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：乡村文化景观是中国民间文化的重要组成部分,但是过去十年,中国总共消失了90万个自然村,平均每天大约消失80至100个村落。乡村文化景观正以惊人的速度消失,这对中国民间文化造成了很大的损失。在面对乡村文化景观迅速消亡的时代背景下,提出建立科学、合理的广西乡村文化景观分类与评价体系,为其提供独立的身份证明,确立其文化价值,为其保护管理和规划提供引导。本论文首先采用文献研究法对国内外相关景观分类和评价体系做总结,并对旅游资源、风景名胜资源、历史文化名村的景观分类与评价体系进行深度剖析,初步制定了广西乡村文化景观分类与评价体系以及调查导则表。采用田野调查法和专家问卷法对初步制定的分类与评价体系的科学性与普适性进行验证,并根据调查过程中所遇到的问题和专家所提的修改意见对该体系做调整,最后确定广西乡村文化景观分类与评价体系。本文研究成果主要有两点:一是制定了广西乡村文化景观调查导则表,指导乡村文化景观基础数据的采集;二是构建了广西乡村文化景观分类与评价体系。分类分为大、中、小、基本类型这四类,大类2种、中类6种、小类24种、基本类型192种。大类按资源属性分为物质和非物质文化景观,物质类文化景观中类按照乡村平面布局的空间性和资源属性的特点,将其分为聚居生活景观、农耕生产景观、周边环境景观;非物质类文化景观中类按照其内涵和特点分为民风习俗、民间文艺、民间工艺、历史记录。小类按照资源的归属性和功能性进行细分,主要有史迹、建筑与设施、文物与特产、聚居格局、田园景观、林木景观、农业养殖景观、水文景观、地文景观、地方风俗、节庆、诗词歌赋、戏曲、舞蹈、名人轶事等。基本类型是对小类的进一步具体细化。评价体系主要有五大结构层:目标层、准则层、因素层、评价依据、分值层。由3大目标层,2大指标,14个准则层,25个因素层组成相应的评价指标。三大目标层:根据乡村文化景观的分类和资源共有的基础属性,分为聚居生活景观、农耕生产与周边环境景观、非物质文化景观这三大目标层,对同类单体景观进行打分赋值。两大指标主要是定量指标和定性指标的结合。两大构建方法:层次分析法和SD语义差别法来设定评价准则、因素层以及评价依据,SD引用非常、良好、中等、较差、差这五大关键词。最后依据评分结果初步划定五个等级,一级、二级、三级、四级、五级(特级)。本文还存在多方面有待进一步深化,如数据收集的时效性、评价的公众参与性、分类与评价过程的智能化等。但通过对广西乡村文化景观进行分类和评价体系研究,对广西乃至全国的乡村文化景观保护和规划都会起到一定的借鉴作用,希望能推动相关法律法规出台,促进乡村文化景观的保护和利用。
[Abstract]:Rural cultural landscape is an important part of Chinese folk culture, but over the past decade, China has disappeared 900,000 natural villages, an average of about 80 to 100 villages a day. Rural cultural landscape is disappearing at an alarming rate. This has caused great losses to Chinese folk culture. In the face of the rapid extinction of rural cultural landscape, a scientific and reasonable system of classification and evaluation of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is proposed to provide independent identification. To establish its cultural value, to provide guidance for its conservation, management and planning. Firstly, this paper summarizes the related landscape classification and evaluation system at home and abroad by literature research, and makes a summary of tourism resources and scenic spots resources. The landscape classification and evaluation system of historic and cultural villages is deeply analyzed. The classification and evaluation system of Guangxi rural cultural landscape and the survey guide table are preliminarily formulated. The scientific and universal applicability of the preliminary classification and evaluation system is verified by field investigation and expert questionnaire. And make adjustments to the system according to the problems encountered in the course of the investigation and the modification opinions put forward by the experts. Finally, the classification and evaluation system of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is determined. The main results of this paper are as follows: first, a guide table for the investigation of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is established to guide the collection of basic data of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi; Secondly, the classification and evaluation system of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi is constructed. The classification is divided into four categories: large, medium, small and basic type. There are 192 basic types, which are divided into material and immaterial cultural landscape according to their resource attributes. In the material cultural landscape, according to the spatial character of the rural plane layout and the characteristics of the resource attribute, they are divided into the residential landscape and the agricultural production landscape. Surrounding environment landscape; Intangible cultural landscape is divided into folk customs, folk literature and art, folk craft and historical records according to its connotation and characteristics. Architecture and facilities, cultural relics and specialties, residential pattern, pastoral landscape, forest landscape, agricultural landscape, hydrological landscape, geo-cultural landscape, local customs, festivals, poetry, opera, dance, The basic types are further refinement of the subcategories. The evaluation system has five main structural layers: target layer, criterion layer, factor layer, evaluation basis, The evaluation index is composed of 3 target layers and 2 indexes, 14 criterion layers and 25 factor layers. The three target layers are divided into residential landscape according to the classification of rural cultural landscape and the basic attributes of common resources. The three target layers of agricultural production and surrounding environment landscape, immaterial cultural landscape, The two main indexes are the combination of quantitative and qualitative indexes. The two construction methods: analytic hierarchy process and SD semantic difference method to set evaluation criteria, factor layer and evaluation based on SD very, Five key words are good, medium, poor and poor. Finally, five grades, one, two, three, four, five (special level) are preliminarily defined according to the score results. There are still many aspects to be further deepened in this paper. Such as the timeliness of data collection, the public participation of evaluation, the intellectualization of classification and evaluation process, etc. It will play a certain reference role in the protection and planning of rural cultural landscape in Guangxi and even the whole country, hoping to promote the promulgation of relevant laws and regulations, and to promote the protection and utilization of rural cultural landscape.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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