基于GIS的城市山地公园景观视觉评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 17:17

本文关键词： 城市山地公园景观视觉评价景观生态 GIS　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市山地公园不同于一般意义上的城市公园,也不同于森林公园,既具有原生植被类型,又有人为的公共空间营造,具有一定特殊性。相对于人工干预强的城市公园而言,城市山地公园具有半天然的空间分布、较稳定的群落构成、多样化的景观镶嵌以及独特的小气候环境,具有一定特殊性。对城市山地公园的景观规划设计,不仅要结合其自身的特殊性,还要建立起符合民众或游客视觉美感体验的评价模型,调和生态保护与资源利用的有效平衡。本文针对城市山地公园景观组成的特殊性,在传统景观视觉评价方法(景观视觉敏感度评价、景观美景度评价)的基础上,借鉴景观生态学相关理论,提出了基于景观生态意义上的视觉评价,即视觉生态评价,利用景观格局指数中的边缘对比指数作为视觉生态评价的标准依据,并根据这三种评价体系确定了城市山地公园景观视觉的综合评价方法,建立评价框架。利用AHP层次分析法、SBE美景度评价法、GIS地理信息系统评价法各自的评价优势,确立相关评价指标权重,分别从人的主观层面、景观生态层面、景观自身层面三方面用数据量化的方式进行权重叠加分析,综合构建城市山地公园景观视觉的评价框架。评价框架中包含景观美景度评价、景观视觉敏感度评价和视觉生态评价,其评价结果可用于指导此类城市山地公园景观的保护与开发,可为设计师、决策管理者在规划管理过程中提供参考依据;因此探讨基于GIS与景观生态的城市山地公园景观视觉评价量化具有理论和实践意义。依据景观视觉综合评价体系得分结果将公园内27个景点划分为四个等级,绘制等级分布图,通过对公园景点所分布的等级区域,对公园景观视觉保护与发展提供建议:①对于高视觉生态区域,即该类景观在美学评价、地学评价、生态评价三个层面都具有较高得分,需要以对此类景观的保护为优先原则,对该类景观资源的再利用开发,需要进行严格考证和审批,保证城市山地公园的特色景观的良性循环发展和区域的生态稳定性;②对中视觉生态区域内景观资源结构参照评价结果进行针对性调整优化,避免不合理开发利用,确保管理者、规划设计者对公园景观未来发展的合理判断及决策;③对一般低视觉生态区域内景观组成结构进行优化提升,转换视角进行景观的规划开发,例如某一景观的地学评价属性偏低,那么应从其它层面进行景观元素结构的调整,避免公园建设中不必要的资源浪费,确保建设的合理性;④对于公园内未开发区域提供指导参考依据。例如:游步道路线或者人工景观节点的规划建设时,对位于高视觉生态区域内的景观道路避免大规模开发,应遵循因地制宜原则,建设符合环境的自然生态步道,对减少人工景观成分的节点设置,确保区域内原有自然景观元素构成的稳定性,合理融入人工景观元素。
[Abstract]:The urban mountain park is different from the city park in general sense and the forest park. It has both the original vegetation type and the artificial public space construction, has certain particularity, compared with the artificial intervention strong city park, The urban mountain park has some special features, such as semi-natural spatial distribution, stable community composition, diversified landscape mosaic and unique microclimate environment. It is necessary not only to combine its own particularity, but also to establish an evaluation model that accords with the visual aesthetic experience of the people or tourists, and to reconcile the effective balance between ecological protection and resource utilization. This paper aims at the particularity of the landscape composition of the urban mountain park. Based on the traditional methods of landscape visual evaluation (visual sensitivity evaluation, landscape beauty evaluation), and referring to the theory of landscape ecology, this paper puts forward the visual evaluation based on the sense of landscape ecology, that is, visual ecological evaluation. The edge contrast index of landscape pattern index is used as the standard basis of visual ecological evaluation, and according to these three evaluation systems, the comprehensive evaluation method of urban mountain park landscape vision is determined. The evaluation framework was established. The beauty degree evaluation method of AHP was used to evaluate the advantages of GIS evaluation method, and the weight of relevant evaluation indexes was established, respectively, from the subjective level of human beings and the landscape ecological level. In the three aspects of landscape itself, the weight superposition analysis is carried out in the way of data quantification, and the evaluation frame of landscape vision of urban mountain park is constructed synthetically. The evaluation frame includes the evaluation of landscape beauty degree. The evaluation results of landscape visual sensitivity and visual ecology can be used to guide the protection and development of this kind of urban mountain park landscape and provide reference for designers and decision makers in the process of planning and management. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to discuss the quantification of landscape vision evaluation of urban mountain park based on GIS and landscape ecology. According to the score of comprehensive evaluation system of landscape vision, 27 scenic spots in the park are divided into four grades, and the distribution map of grade is drawn. Through the distribution of the grade area of the park scenic spot, to provide the suggestion to the park landscape visual protection and the development, to the high vision ecological area, namely this kind of landscape has the higher score in the esthetics appraisal, the geoscience appraisal, the ecology appraisal three levels. It is necessary to give priority to the protection of this kind of landscape, to reuse and develop this kind of landscape resources, and to carry out strict textual research and examination and approval. To ensure the benign cycle development of the characteristic landscape of the urban mountain park and the ecological stability of the region to adjust and optimize the structure of the landscape resources in the middle vision ecological region according to the evaluation results, to avoid the unreasonable development and utilization, and to ensure the manager, The reasonable judgment and decision of the future development of the park landscape by the designers and the optimization and promotion of the landscape composition structure in the general low vision ecological region, the landscape planning and development from the perspective of change, for example, the geoscience evaluation attribute of a certain landscape is on the low side. Then we should adjust the structure of landscape elements from other aspects to avoid unnecessary waste of resources in park construction. To ensure the reasonableness of the construction. 4 to provide the guidance reference for the undeveloped areas in the park. For example, when planning and constructing the walkway routes or artificial landscape nodes, avoid large-scale development of the landscape roads located in the high vision ecological areas. It is necessary to follow the principle of adapting to local conditions, to build natural ecological trails in accordance with the environment, to set up nodes to reduce the composition of artificial landscape, to ensure the stability of the original elements of natural landscape in the region, and to integrate the elements of artificial landscape into the elements of artificial landscape reasonably.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986.5

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