黄土基坑开挖降水影响周边建筑物的评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 13:30

本文选题：基坑降水　切入点：建(构)筑物　出处：《西安工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：超高层建(构)筑物不断在城市人口密集区域涌现,随之出现了许多大深基坑工程。在对大深基坑开挖降水过程中,极易引起周边地表沉降以及周边建(构)筑物损坏,进而对人员与财产造成不可挽回的损失。因此,为了及时规避风险,减少损失,有必要预先对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响进行有效地评估。本文将黄土地区基坑开挖降水引起周边建(构)筑物损坏评价作为研究的重点,以模糊综合评价法与突变理论评价法作为研究手段,最后在通过与现场实际情况进行对比,得到了一些成果。1.总结了黄土基坑开挖降水对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响的因素。根据大量有关基坑开挖降水对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响的资料,归纳出影响建(构)筑物损坏的主要因素指标为基坑自身设计、施工、建筑物自身特点,又将主要因素指标进一步细分为有代表性的12个子因素指标。结果表明,这些主要因素对于评价黄土基坑开挖降水影响建筑物损坏程度大小有重要的作用。2.运用模糊综合评价法对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响的研究。将黄土基坑开挖降水对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响作为评价对象,建立了以该评价对象为目标的层次式结构体系,利用层次分析法确定了影响建筑物损坏的因素指标权重并将各因素指标划分为4个等级,最后结合模糊数学相关理论,确立了基于黄土基坑开挖降水对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响的模糊综合评价模型。针对基坑周边砌体结构建筑物,设计了黄土基坑开挖降水对建筑物损坏程度的鉴定表并结合工程实例进行了仿真评价,验证了该模型的合理性。结果表明,该模糊数学综合评价模型实现了对周边建筑物损坏程度的有效评判,且优于传统的经验判别法。3.运用突变理论评价法对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响的研究。首先基于突变级数理论,对黄土基坑开挖降水影响建(构)筑物损坏的主要因素(基坑自身设计、施工、建筑物自身特点)进行多层次分解,将元素指标数据进行归一化处理,结合突变级数理论,进行量化计算,构建了建(构)筑物损坏评价模型,得到了黄土基坑开挖降水对周边建(构)筑物损坏评价的4个级别标准,分别为轻微、中等、严重与很严重。针对基坑周边砌体结构建筑物,设计了建筑物损坏程度鉴定表并通过工程实例验证了模型的合理性。结果表明,该突变级数模型实现了对周边建(构)筑物损坏影响的有效评价。该模型计算简便,具有较好操作性与实用性,没有对因素指标采用权重,降低了主观臆断性。4.评价体系结果合理性对比分析研究。将两种评价方法的优缺点以及两种评价方法对目标评价的结果与现场观察的情况进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种评价方法均能够有效地评价黄土基坑开挖降水影响周边建筑物损坏的情况且评价结果合理可靠。5.提出了减少基坑开挖降水引起的地面沉降以及周边建(构)筑物损坏的工程措施。基于基坑降水引起地面沉降的规律,提出了一些工程措施如间歇性降水、采用止水帷幕、基坑回灌。结果表明,这些措施能够有效地减小与控制地面沉降和周边建筑物的损坏,收到了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:High-rise building (structure) of buildings in the city populated area continue to emerge, along with the emergence of many large deep excavation in the excavation of deep foundation pit. The precipitation process, extremely easy to cause the surrounding ground settlement and the surrounding construction (structure) of buildings damaged, causing irreparable loss of personnel and property. Therefore, in order to avoid risks, reduce losses, it is necessary to advance to the Zhou Bianjian building (structures) damage effectively evaluation. This paper will cause the surrounding construction excavation pit precipitation in loess area (structure) of buildings damage evaluation as the focus of the study, using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and catastrophe theory evaluation method as the research method, finally through the compared with the actual situation, and obtain some results.1. summarized the loess foundation pit excavation and precipitation on the surrounding built (structure) of buildings damaged. Influence factors of foundation pit excavation and dewatering according to a large number of Zhou Bianjian building (structure) The influence of material damage, and summed up the impact of building (structure) the main factors of building damage for foundation pit design, construction, building its own characteristics, and the main factors are further subdivided into 12 sub indexes of representative factors. The results show that these factors have an important role for.2. in the use of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method on the surrounding built for evaluation of loess foundation pit excavation and dewatering effect of building damage degree (structure) of building damage. The loess foundation pit excavation and precipitation on the surrounding built buildings (structures) damage as the evaluation object, established a hierarchical structure system based on the evaluation objects, using AHP to determine the weight the influence factors of building damage and divides the index into 4 levels, combining the relevant theory of fuzzy mathematics to establish drop water on loess foundation pit excavation (based on surrounding buildings Structure) fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of building damage. The pit surrounding masonry structure building design, the Loess excavation precipitation on the building damage degree identification table combined with the engineering examples of simulation and evaluation, to validate the rationality of the model. The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematical model to realize the effective evaluation on the surrounding buildings the extent of the damage, and is better than the traditional empirical discriminant method.3. using catastrophe theory evaluation method on the surrounding built (structure) of building damage effects. Based on the catastrophe theory, the Loess excavation precipitation is built (structure) main factors of building damage (pit design, construction, characteristics of the building) multi-level decomposition, the element index data are normalized according to the catastrophe progression theory, quantitative calculation, construction of the building (structure) building damage evaluation model is obtained The loess foundation pit excavation and precipitation on the surrounding built (structure) 4 level building damage assessment, were mild, moderate, severe and very severe. The pit surrounding masonry buildings, designed the building damage degree identification form and the rationality of the model is verified by engineering examples. The results show that the mutation series model the surrounding building (structure) to build effective evaluation of influence of damage. The model is simple, has good operability and practicability, without using the weight factors of the index, reduce the subjective evaluation results.4. rational comparison analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of two kinds of evaluation methods and two kinds of evaluation methods target evaluation results and field observations carried out comparative analysis. The results showed that two kinds of evaluation methods can effectively evaluate the Loess excavation situation surrounding buildings damaged precipitation. Moreover, the evaluation result is reasonable and reliable.5. is proposed and the surrounding building settlement reduce excavation caused by precipitation and ground engineering measures building (structure). The damage caused by dewatering of foundation pit ground settlement based on the law, puts forward some engineering measures such as intermittent rainfall, the water curtain pit recharge. The results show that these measures can effectively reduce the damage and control of ground settlement and surrounding buildings, received good results.

【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU753;TU746

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