多层建筑火灾烟气蔓延规律及控制措施的研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 09:17

本文选题：多层建筑　切入点：烟气蔓延　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：多层建筑已成为一种被广泛应用的建筑结构形式,如学校宿舍、宾馆等等。功能复杂、房间密集、走廊狭长、人口密度大、火灾荷载大是此类建筑的典型特征。一旦发生火灾,将产生大量的烟气,而烟气是造成人员在火灾中伤亡的最主要的原因,因此,研究多层建筑的烟气蔓延规律和控制措施,对减少财产损失和人员伤亡有着重大的意义。本文采用FDS场模型软件作为模拟软件,对某高校的六层宿舍楼进行了数值模拟。依据最不利原则,论文着重模拟了如下几种情况:自然排烟条件下单室火灾情况,分别从房间着火温度、二氧化碳浓度、一氧化碳浓度三个方面进行了观测;自然排烟条件下,走廊内不同探测点处火灾温度、烟气层高度、能见度、二氧化碳含量、一氧化碳含量的变化,并且与人能承受的“忍耐值”进行了比较,发现在最佳逃生的时间范围内不足以保证人员的安全疏散。针对此种情况,本文又研究了该宿舍楼加装机械排烟风机后的火灾情况,结果发现,在机械排烟风机的作用下,各监测点所得到的数据均符合安全疏散的要求。本文的研究结果可以作为高校多层建筑火灾烟气有效控制的依据。
[Abstract]:Multi-storey buildings have become a widely used structural form of buildings, such as school dormitories, hotels, etc. Complex functions, dense rooms, narrow corridors, large population density and heavy fire load are typical characteristics of such buildings. A large amount of smoke will be produced, and smoke is the main cause of casualties in the fire. Therefore, the spread law and control measures of smoke in multi-storey buildings are studied. It is of great significance to reduce property loss and casualties. In this paper, the FDS field model software is used as the simulation software to simulate the six-story dormitory building in a university. This paper mainly simulates the following situations: the fire situation of the order room under the natural smoke discharge condition is observed from three aspects of the room fire temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, carbon monoxide concentration, and the natural smoke discharge condition, The changes in fire temperature, smoke layer height, visibility, carbon dioxide content, carbon monoxide content at different detection points in the corridor were compared with the "endurance value" that people could bear. It is found that the optimal escape time range is not enough to ensure the safe evacuation of personnel. In view of this situation, the fire situation after the installation of mechanical exhaust fan in the dormitory building is studied in this paper. The results show that, under the action of mechanical smoke exhaust fan, The data obtained from the monitoring points all meet the requirements of safe evacuation. The results of this paper can be used as the basis for the effective control of fire smoke in multi-storey buildings in colleges and universities.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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