广州某办公建筑空调系统节能分析与改造研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 19:37

本文选题：办公建筑　切入点：空调系统　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的不断发展和城镇化建设的火热进行,公共建筑的总数量和总能耗均迅速增长。据调查显示,大部分旧有建筑的能耗较高。因此,建筑的能耗问题已经引起了越来越多的关注。而在建筑能耗中,空调系统的能耗又占了很大一部分。随着人们对室内环境舒适度需求的提高,中央空调系统的能耗也在逐年增加。有研究表明,根据建筑物类型的差异,空调能耗占建筑总能耗的10%~60%。因此,在保持热舒适的前提下,降低建筑空调系统能耗成为缓解我国能源紧张,实现建筑节能的有效措施之一。目前,大部分公共建筑的空调系统由于设计或者运行情况的不合理,导致其空调系统存在诸多问题,如冷水机组和水泵设计时选型过大,设备效率达不到额定值,水系统输送效率低下,系统运行维护管理不及时等现象。这些都使得空调系统的能耗居高不下,所以这一部分建筑的空调系统节能改造迫在眉睫,其节能潜力也非常巨大。本文以广州市某办公建筑为例,对其空调系统进行节能改造,并将整个改造流程进行规范化、细致化的还原。论文对现有的各个评价指标进行了分析,优选出适合本系统的评价指标空调系统能效比EERs,来对整个系统进行评价。经计算,该建筑空调系统能效比为1.85,其限值为2.61,因此,该系统还有一定的节能空间。在对空调制冷系统进行测试分析的基础上,发现冷水机组大部分时间处于低负荷状态下,全年综合能效比为4.5,在过渡季机组的综合能效比仅有约4.0;水泵能耗较高,水泵全年电耗占冷水机组全年电耗的59%,且存在较为严重的大流量小温差现象;空调系统缺少自动控制系统,造成系统能耗较大等问题。论文根据系统存在的问题,提出符合该系统自身特点的改造方案,如将1#螺杆式冷水机组更换为磁悬浮离心式冷水机组,对部分水泵进行更换,深度清洗水系统,安装服务型能源管理系统等措施,对系统进行节能改造。并对改造后的节能效果进行预测,经计算,节能改造后,冷站的年耗电量为41.5万kWh,年运行耗电量将减少23.5万kWh,节能率可达36%,节能潜力巨大。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and the development of urbanization, the total number of public buildings and the total energy consumption are increasing rapidly. According to the investigation, the energy consumption of most old buildings is relatively high. The problem of building energy consumption has attracted more and more attention. In the building energy consumption, the energy consumption of air conditioning system accounts for a large part. The energy consumption of central air conditioning system is also increasing year by year. According to the difference of building type, the energy consumption of central air conditioning system accounts for 10% of the total building energy consumption. Reducing energy consumption of building air conditioning system has become one of the effective measures to alleviate energy shortage and realize building energy saving in our country. At present, the air conditioning system of most public buildings is not reasonable because of the unreasonable design or operation. As a result, there are many problems in its air conditioning system, such as too large type selection of chillers and pumps, less efficiency of equipment than rated, and low efficiency of water transmission system. These phenomena make the energy consumption of air conditioning system high, so the energy saving reform of air conditioning system in this part of the building is urgent. The energy-saving potential is also very great. This paper takes an office building in Guangzhou as an example, carries on the energy saving transformation to its air conditioning system, and carries on the normalization, the meticulous reduction to the entire transformation flow. The paper has carried on the analysis to each existing appraisal index, The energy efficiency ratio (EER) of air conditioning system is selected to evaluate the whole system. The calculation shows that the energy efficiency ratio of air conditioning system is 1.85, and its limit value is 2.61. The system also has some energy saving space. On the basis of testing and analyzing the air conditioning and refrigeration system, it is found that the chiller is in low load condition for most of the time. The comprehensive energy efficiency ratio is 4.5 in the whole year, and only about 4.0 in the transition season, the energy consumption of the pump is high, the annual electricity consumption of the pump accounts for 59 percent of the annual power consumption of the chiller, and there is a serious phenomenon of large flow rate and small temperature difference. The lack of automatic control system in air conditioning system causes the system to consume more energy, etc. According to the existing problems of the system, the paper puts forward the reform scheme which accords with the characteristics of the system. For example, replacing the 1# screw chillers with magnetic suspension centrifugal chillers, replacing some water pumps, deep cleaning water systems, installing service-type energy management systems, etc. After calculation, the annual power consumption of the cooling station is 415,000 kWhs, the annual operating power consumption will be reduced by 235,000 kWhs, and the energy saving rate can reach 36. The energy saving potential is huge.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU831

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