清康熙至1949年晋中四县集市与庙会的关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 04:05

本文选题：集市　切入点：庙会　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文承接课题组既有对晋中地区庙会的持续性研究,以集市与庙会的关系为研究对象。集市与庙会是传统市场体系的组成部分,在传统社会中占有重要的地位。区别来看,集市是人们约定俗成进行定期交易的场所,庙会则是集交易、祭祀、娱乐、社交等多种活动于一体的综合性场所,交易活动是两者发生关系的逻辑起点,也因此两者的时空布局相互影响。本文首先对晋中四县的自然地理与社会环境基础进行了梳理,包括地形地貌、气候、土壤、人口与经济、农业生产、交通运输、传统习气、聚落概况等内容。其目的一是掌握集市与庙会赖以存在和发展的背景环境,一是比较分析晋中四县在自然与社会两方面的异同,为解释各县集市与庙会变迁特征的异同提供基础支撑。然后对聚落举办集市或庙会的影响因素进行探究。在明确集市与庙会基本特征的基础上,从聚落举办集市或庙会的收支、市场的自组织、地方政府的干预三方面进行了分析。比较而言,聚落举办庙会的收支都要高于集市,市场自组织的影响则较为相似,而地方政府对集市或庙会的干预以税收为主要目的,庙会的税收相对较多。总体来看,举办集市需要聚落群稳定的交易需求支撑,而举办庙会则要求聚落有较强的综合实力。最后研究了清康熙至1949年晋中四县集市与庙会的变迁关系。从历时性和共时性两方面对集市与庙会的时空变迁特征进行比较分析,可以明显看出集市与庙会的时空布局是相互影响的,从它们发展的过程和结果来看,庙会对集市产生了替代作用,替代的形式有两种,即直接替代形式和庙会组团形式。当然,在1949年前,同时也存在另外三种关系,即集市主导、相互依托和庙会主导的关系,不过这三种关系是不同条件下妥协的结果,集市作为相对“便宜”的市场形态而存在,反映了不同条件下传统聚落市场组织的差异性。由此推测,替代关系的产生经历了集市主导期、相互依托期、庙会主导期,而后发展为庙会替代期;并从晋商与晋剧的发展对替代历程进行了解析。紧接着探究了发生替代关系的缘由,替代关系的产生是自然条件与生产条件的约束以及聚落与地方政府的主动选择综合的结果。庙会的时空组织特征与交易需求相适应,又因其功能的多样性尤其是全民狂欢性而具有独特的吸引力,这是庙会本身推进替代关系发生的内在动力。可以说,庙会是当地人们在时空维度适应自然,建构社会生活与经济生活的产物和工具。
[Abstract]:This paper carries on the research on the continuity of temple fairs in Jinzhong region, taking the relationship between fair and temple fair as the object of study. Fair and temple fair are part of the traditional market system and play an important role in the traditional society. The fair is the place where people make regular trades, and the temple fair is the comprehensive place where many activities such as trade, sacrifice, entertainment and social intercourse are integrated, and the transaction is the logical starting point of the relationship between the two. In this paper, the physical geography and social environmental basis of the four counties in Jinzhong, including topography, climate, soil, population and economy, agricultural production, transportation, traditional habits, are first combed. The purpose of the settlement is to grasp the background environment on which the bazaar and temple fair exist and develop, and to compare and analyze the similarities and differences between the natural and social aspects of the four counties in Jinzhong. In order to explain the similarities and differences of the vicissitude characteristics of bazaars and temple fairs in different counties, the paper explores the influence factors of fairs or temple fairs held by settlements. On the basis of defining the basic characteristics of bazaars and temple fairs, the income and expenses of fairs or temple fairs held by settlements are discussed. The self-organization of the market and the intervention of the local government are analyzed in three aspects. In comparison, the income and expenditure of temple fairs held by settlements are higher than those of bazaars, and the influence of self-organization of markets is similar. The main purpose of local government intervention in bazaars or temple fairs is to collect taxes, which are relatively high. Generally speaking, the holding of fairs needs the support of stable trading needs of settlement groups. The holding of temple fairs requires the settlement to have a strong comprehensive strength. Finally, it studies the vicissitude relationship between the fairs and temple fairs in the four counties of Kangxi County from Qing Dynasty to 1949, and makes a comparative analysis of the temporal and spatial vicissitude characteristics of the bazaars and temple fairs from the diachronic and synchronic aspects. We can clearly see that the space-time layout of the fair and the temple fair are mutually affected. Judging from their development process and results, the temple fair has a substitution effect on the market. There are two forms of substitution, that is, the direct alternative form and the temple fair group form. Of course, there are two forms of substitution, namely, the direct alternative form and the temple fair group form. Before 1949, there were also three other relationships, that is, bazaar dominance, mutual reliance and temple fairs, but these three relationships were the result of compromise under different conditions, and bazaar existed as a relatively "cheap" market form. It reflects the difference of the traditional settlement market organization under different conditions. Therefore, it is inferred that the substitution relationship has experienced the market dominant period, the mutual dependence period, the temple fair leading period, and then developed into the temple fair substitution period. And from the Shanxi merchants and the development of Jin opera to analyze the process of substitution. The substitution relationship is the result of the constraints of natural conditions and production conditions, as well as the combination of settlement and local government's active choice. Because of the diversity of its functions, especially the carnival of the whole people, it has a unique attraction, which is the intrinsic motive force for the temple fair itself to push forward the substitution relationship. It can be said that the temple fair is the local people adapting to nature in the dimension of time and space. Construct the products and tools of social and economic life.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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