岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观质量评价

发布时间：2018-03-25 23:40

本文选题：滨水植物景观　切入点：景观评价　出处：《林业科学》2017年01期

【摘要】：【目的】评价岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观质量,揭示其营建规律,为植物造景和景观质量评价提供理论依据。【方法】以64个滨水绿地植物景观单元(100 m~2)为研究对象,采用美景度评价法(SBE法)和层次分析法(AHP法)对岭南地区滨水绿地植物景观单元的景观质量进行评价,探寻2种景观评价方法的适用性和相关性,并引入聚类分析法和回归分析法,分析植物景观单元的植物物种丰富度、多度和岭南特色滨水植物景观特征。【结果】基于美景度评价法的景观美景度值(Y_(SBE))和基于层次分析法的景观质量值(Y_(AHP))的排序差值在20位以内的景观单元数量占总数的75%,显示2种方法的评价结果一致性较高;聚类分析将64个植物景观单元分为5类,第1类景观单元2种方法评价结果均为优秀(景观美景度值大于0.50,景观质量值大于6.00),且大多数排序差值小于20位,第4和5类景观单元的美景度值排序均为最后7位,其中5个景观单元的2种评价方法排序差值小于12位,显示评价者有普遍一致的审美观,通过科学方法揭示植物景观营造的内在规律是可行的;景观单元的美景度主要受植物艺术配置多样性(x_6)和群落结构稳定性(x_9)2个指标影响,其回归方程为Y_(SBE)=-4.234 3+0.300 4 x_6+0.357 7 x_9;优秀景观单元中各生长型植物的物种丰富度配置为2种常绿乔木、1种落叶乔木、3种灌木、2种水生植物、4种地被植物,个体多度配置则为4株常绿乔木、1株落叶乔木、12株灌木,水生植物和地被植物的覆盖面积分别为18和74 m~2。【结论】美景度评价法具有简单、可靠、易操作、便于推广的特点;层次分析法评价则较好地兼顾植物景观的美学功能和生态功能,评价结果客观全面。岭南特色滨水植物景观应以简洁、自然为主,常以高大乔木作为背景,选择耐湿、枝条柔软、树形优美的观花(叶)乔灌木,前景植物宜配置具鲜艳颜色(红、黄)的灌木或草本,具有合适的物种丰富度和多度,植物生长繁茂,植物群落林冠线、植物外缘线(岸线)宜起伏、有变化,应留空位置供游人亲近水体。此外,由清澈的水体、开阔的水面、自然土质驳岸、山石等构成的滨水绿地植物景观,辅以高的绿化养护质量,有助于形成高的景观质量和良好的生态效益。
[Abstract]:[objective] to evaluate the plant landscape quality of waterfront greenbelt in Lingnan area, to reveal its construction law, and to provide theoretical basis for plant landscape and landscape quality evaluation. [methods] Sixty-four waterfront green land plant landscape units (100mm2) were taken as the research object. The landscape quality of plant landscape unit of waterfront green space in Lingnan area was evaluated by using the method of beauty degree evaluation (SBE) and AHP (Analytic hierarchy process (AHP)), and the applicability and correlation of the two methods of landscape evaluation were explored. Cluster analysis and regression analysis were introduced to analyze the plant species richness of plant landscape units. Landscape characteristics of waterfront plants with abundance and Lingnan characteristics. [results] the number of landscape units with a ranking difference of less than 20 places in the order of the landscape beauty degree value based on the beauty degree evaluation method and the landscape quality value based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) accounts for the total number of landscape units. 75%, showing that the evaluation results of the two methods are consistent; In cluster analysis, 64 plant landscape units were divided into 5 groups. The results of two methods of landscape unit 1 were excellent (landscape beauty value > 0.50, landscape quality value > 6.00), and most of the ranking difference values were less than 20 bits. The ranking of the beauty values of the fourth and fifth landscape units was the last 7, and the difference between the two evaluation methods of the 5 landscape units was less than 12, which showed that the evaluators had generally consistent aesthetics. It is feasible to reveal the inherent law of plant landscape construction by scientific method, and the beauty degree of landscape unit is mainly affected by two indexes: the diversity of plant art configuration and the stability of community structure. The regression equation is Y_(SBE)=-4.234 3 0.300 4 x Stutt6 0.357 7 x 9; the species richness of various growth types in the excellent landscape unit is arranged as 2 evergreen Arbor, 3 deciduous Arbor, 3 shrubs and 2 aquatic plants. The individual abundance distribution was 4 evergreen Arbor, 1 deciduous Arbor, 12 shrubs, the covering areas of aquatic plants and ground cover plants were 18 and 74 mG2.Conclusion the method of beauty evaluation is simple, reliable, easy to operate and easy to popularize. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the aesthetic and ecological functions of plant landscape, and the evaluation results were objective and comprehensive. The waterfront plant landscape with Lingnan characteristics should be simple and natural, and often take tall trees as the background, and choose moisture tolerance. Any of various flowering (leafy) shrubs and shrubs with soft branches and graceful trees, with bright colors (red, yellow) or herbs, suitable species richness and abundance, luxuriant plant growth, and canopy lines of plant communities. The plant outer edge line (shoreline) is suitable for ups and downs and changes, and should be left empty for visitors to approach the water body. In addition, the plant landscape of waterfront greenbelt is composed of clear water body, open water surface, natural soil barge, mountain rock, etc. It is helpful to form high landscape quality and good ecological benefit with high greening and maintenance quality.
【作者单位】：华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院;
【基金】：广东省科技计划项目(2013B020302004,2013B020305008)
【分类号】：TU984.18;S688

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