活动视角下建成环境对广州居民通勤效率的影响

发布时间：2018-03-29 14:02

本文选题：建成环境　切入点：通勤效率　出处：《城市规划学刊》2016年04期

【摘要】：随着经济转型与空间重构,许多大城市面临交通出行总量增加与居民活动一移动意愿增强的困境。以往对建成环境与出行行为的研究致力于减少小汽车使用和缩短出行距离,鲜有关注居民活动需求的满足与生活质量的提升。文中从人本主义立场出发,提出非集计层面的个体通勤效率,用以度量居民工作日多目的通勤行为的距离成本;构建一个考虑不同地理背景建成环境、个体活动一移动与通勤效率关系的出行行为研究框架;并基于广州居民活动日志与POI数据,运用结构方程模型解析建成环境对个体通勤效率的影响机制。研究发现:高密度、高混合度、良好街区设计特征的工作地和路径空间建成环境能显著提高个体的通勤效率,而居住地的影响不显著;建成环境既可直接影响通勤效率,也可通过作用于个体的活动一移动而间接影响通勤效率。这些结论为基于微观个体行为的宏观模拟技术提供了具有借鉴意义的规律与规则,也为以人为本的城市空间发展提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:With the economic transformation and space reconstruction, many big cities are faced with the dilemma of increasing the total amount of traffic travel and increasing the mobility of residents. In the past, the research on built environment and travel behavior has been devoted to reducing the use of cars and reducing travel distance. Little attention has been paid to the satisfaction of residents' needs for activities and the improvement of quality of life. From the standpoint of humanism, this paper puts forward the individual commuting efficiency at the non-aggregate level, which is used to measure the distance cost of residents' multi-purpose commuting behavior during working days. A framework of travel behavior research based on Guangzhou residents' activity log and POI data is constructed, which considers the relationship between individual mobility and commuting efficiency and takes into account different geographical backgrounds. The influence mechanism of built environment on individual commuting efficiency is analyzed by using structural equation model. It is found that the working place and path space built with high density, high mixing degree and good block design features can significantly improve the commuting efficiency of individuals. However, the effect of residence is not significant; the built environment can directly affect the commuting efficiency. It is also possible to indirectly affect commuting efficiency by acting on the movement of individual activities. These conclusions provide rules and rules of reference for macroscopic simulation techniques based on micro individual behavior. It also provides a new idea for the development of human-oriented urban space.
【作者单位】：同济大学建筑与城市规划学院;中山大学地理科学与规划学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目:城市时空行为与交通(批准号:41522104);国家自然科学基金项目:时空关联视角下城市空间结构的形成与演变机理研究(批准号:41271166) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目:基于时空大数据的个人活动与交通需求预测与模拟(项目号:151gjc24)
【分类号】：TU984

【相似文献】