青海撒拉族篱笆楼民居营建技艺保护与传承研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 11:04

本文选题：撒拉族　切入点：篱笆楼　出处：《西安建筑科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：撒拉族传统民居是中国少数民族文化和传统建筑体系中一个独特的分支,在撒拉族主要聚居地之一的青海循化撒拉族自治县的乡村聚落中,以传统庄廓院为主要的居住形式,庄廓院内单体民居又分为松木大房和篱笆楼民居两种形式。本文所研究的篱笆楼民居,是以篱笆围墙建楼,斜置板梯为标志,适应地方资源与气候条件建造而成,具有强烈的生态理念和精妙的营建智慧,是一方土建筑的多样性代表之一。乡土建筑的传统营建技艺是一项多方因素结合的社会活动,其体现了人与物,物与物,人与人之间的关系。这些关系相互作用,生成以及影响乡土建筑风貌和地域文化。因此,对于营建技艺的保护与传承也是对其载体乡土建筑和地域文化的保护与传承。在经济快速发展的今天,新建筑的多样性、传统民居缺乏保护,以及营建技艺的高科技化,使得传统营建技艺在保护与传承中流失或失真,从而严重制约了传统民居的发展。由此可见,保护濒临灭绝而篱笆楼营建技艺迫在眉睫。文章结合作者的认知程度与学术水平,以营建技艺为切入点,能够较为全面地了解保护与传承篱笆楼及其营建技艺的价值所在,并提出可行性的保护与传承策略,以提高营造价值可能性。本文将研究对象分为三个部分进行解析,第一部分(第一章至第三章)针对撒拉族篱笆楼进行背景的梳理分析。通过文献资料法和分析归纳法,运用人居环境科学的相关理论,从建筑学层面对撒拉族的概况进行解析,总结出影响撒拉族篱笆楼生成的内因与外因,以及篱笆楼营建技艺衰退的内因与外因。第二部分(第四章至第五章)是论文重点章节,对营建技艺进行较为完整的梳理和记录。以营建技艺为切入点,运用了文献资料法、田野调研法、分析归纳法,通过对仅存的篱笆楼聚落——青海循化孟达大庄村进行走访和调查,从建筑学角度,对篱笆楼营建技艺进行静态分解,研究其载体的物质文化特性;并结合人类学与社会学角度,对营建技艺进行动态分析,较为完整的记录了施工过程及技术要点。第三部分(第六章)对营建技艺的保护与传承更提出有效的策略与措施。通过对前五章的分析,得出撒拉族传统篱笆楼营建技艺保护与传承的价值,并且针对可营造价值的技艺要点,编笆技艺、轻型结构、空间形态等,及营建智慧,因地制宜,节地理念等,进行研究与提取,使之优化和多样化。例如将编笆技艺符号化,建筑形制的模数化,建筑构件的预制化等,以仅有的篱笆楼聚落孟达大庄为案例,将这些优化后的营建技艺作用在新型篱笆楼民居中,或将因地制宜的营建智慧拓展到其他的领域。通过以上部分的研究,最终得出以下结论,撒拉族篱笆楼是一种濒临灭绝的少数民族民居,也是一方乡土建筑风貌代表之一,具有较高的文化研究价值,在当代环境中,篱笆楼的建筑形态具有较强的符号性和辨识度,通过对篱笆楼特色建筑形态的“产业型”保护与传承可达到将撒拉族文化发扬的目的,即可提升其社会文化价值地位,也可带来一定的社会经济效益,最终达到一个良性的发展循环。对营建篱笆楼这种特色建筑形态的营建技艺进行技术提升和优化,则使这种特色的民居建筑形态得到保护与传承,同时民居也成为营建技艺的载体,将技艺与智慧传承下去。
[Abstract]:Salar traditional dwelling is a unique branch of culture Chinese ethnic and traditional architecture, one of the main settlements in rural settlements salar Qinghai Salar Autonomous County in Xunhua, based on the traditional Zhuang profile as the main hospital living form, Zhuang profile hospital residential monomer is divided into large pine and fence the building houses two forms. The fence is building to building houses, fences, walls, inclined ladder plate as a symbol, to adapt to local climate conditions and resources built, construction wisdom has strong ecological concept and exquisite, is a representative of the diversity of Party building. The traditional vernacular architecture construction technology is a combination of various factors of social activities, which reflects the people and things, things and things, the relationship between people. The interaction, generation and influence of vernacular architecture style and regional culture. Therefore, for the construction of The protection and inheritance of art is the carrier of vernacular architecture and local culture protection and inheritance. In today's rapid economic development, the diversity of new buildings, traditional houses and lack of protection, high-tech construction techniques, the traditional construction techniques of loss or distortion in the protection and inheritance, which seriously hampered the development of traditional dwellings. Thus, the protection of endangered and fence building construction techniques is imminent. Combined with the author's cognition degree and academic level, to build skills as the starting point, to a more comprehensive understanding of the protection and inheritance of fence building and construction techniques of the value, and put forward the feasibility of the strategy of protection and inheritance, in order to improve the build value possibility. This research object is divided into three parts for analysis, the first part (Chapter one to chapter third) were analyzed according to the background of building the fence Salar comb. Through literature analysis and inductive method, using the relevant theories of the science of human settlements, analysis of Salar face from the architecture layer, summed up the impact of internal and external causes of Salar formation and building a fence, fence building construction techniques of internal and external recession. In the second part (the fourth chapter to the fifth chapter) is the key chapter, review and complete records of construction techniques in construction techniques. As the starting point, the use of literature, field investigation method, analysis method, through the fence building only Meng Da village settlements Qinghai Xunhua visits and investigation, from the angle of architecture, the building construction techniques of static decomposition fence material culture, characteristics of the carrier; and combination of Anthropology and sociology, the dynamic analysis of construction techniques, a more complete record of the construction process and technical points. The three part (the sixth chapter) to protect and inherit the construction technology more effective measures and strategies are proposed. Based on the analysis of the first five chapters, the Salar traditional fence building construction techniques for protection and inheritance of the value, and to create art value points, Barbara coding technology, light type structure, space form. And the construction of wisdom, according to local conditions, festival concept, research and extraction, the optimization and diversification. For example, Barbara symbolic coding techniques, modular architecture, building component prefabrication, with only the fence building settlement Meng Da Da Zhuang as the case, the role of these construction techniques optimized at the center the new fence building people, or the local construction wisdom to expand into other areas. On the basis of the above, finally draw a conclusion that the Salar fence floor is a kind of endangered minority residential areas, as well as a local One of the architectural style, cultural value is high, in the current environment, the fence building has a strong symbolic form and identification, based on the characteristics of the architectural form of building the fence "industry" and the protection and inheritance of the Salar culture purpose, can enhance the value of social culture status, also can bring certain social and economic benefits, and ultimately achieve a virtuous cycle of development. Construction techniques on the construction characteristics of this building fence building form technical upgrading and optimization, residential buildings form the characteristics of protection and inheritance, but also become a carrier of residential construction techniques, skills and wisdom inheritance go on.

【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU253

【参考文献】