建筑结构人员疏散影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 23:23

本文选题：疏散时间　切入点：聚类　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济社会的发展,人民生活水平得到了显著提高,对建筑构造及功能性有了进一步提高,根据公安部消防局统计,近几年火灾起数呈上升趋势,因建筑火灾造成的人员伤亡也是不小的数目,为减少人员伤亡降低财产损失,同时分析影响人员疏散的主要因素。本文主要研究了在建筑火灾发生时,快速有效的进行人员疏散,缩短疏散时间,为人员逃生提供更大的几率。根据大量阅读文献,发生火灾时,影响人员疏散的主要因素有有毒有害气体,出口的宽度、过道的宽度、灭火系统、疏散系统等。本文根据指标选择的原则,选定火灾环境、出口宽度、人员密度等13个因素为评价指标,利用聚类分析法,将13个因素分为A、B、C三大类。以疏散因素为评价指标,对13项因素进行主成分分析,并确定权重,其三个主成分的主要影响因素为火灾环境、人员情况、建筑设施。同时确定出各指标因素的权重比例,选取CO含量、人员密度、人员速度、障碍物数量、出口宽度5个因素作为验证指标。根据主成分分析法确定的影响疏散时间的主要因素,选取某服装厂为研究对象,利用FDS+Evac进行计算机模拟。并对结果进行极差分析,表明CO含量、人员密度、人员速度对疏散时间的影响显著。与主成分分析得出的结论基本一致。最后,依据风险分析理论,提出影响疏散因素可控度的概念,并根据公式进行计算,得出各类疏散因素的可控度。对建筑消防设计具有重要意义。并从人员管理、有毒有害物质管理、障碍物数量等方面提出了降低疏散时间的有效措施。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and society, the standard of living of the people has been greatly improved, and the structure and function of the buildings have been further improved. According to the statistics of the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, the number of fires has increased in recent years. The number of casualties caused by building fires is not small. In order to reduce casualties and reduce property losses, the main factors affecting evacuation are analyzed. To evacuate people quickly and effectively, shorten the evacuation time, and provide a greater chance for people to escape. According to a large number of reading documents, the main factors affecting evacuation in the event of a fire are toxic and harmful gases and the width of the exit. The width of corridor, fire extinguishing system, evacuation system, etc. According to the principle of index selection, 13 factors, such as fire environment, exit width and personnel density, are selected as evaluation indexes in this paper, and cluster analysis method is used. The 13 factors are divided into three categories, the evacuation factor is used as the evaluation index, the 13 factors are analyzed by principal component analysis, and the weight is determined. The main influencing factors of the three principal components are fire environment, personnel condition, etc. Building facilities. At the same time determine the weight ratio of each index factor, select CO content, personnel density, personnel speed, number of obstacles, Five factors of exit width are taken as the verification index. According to the main factors of influencing evacuation time determined by principal component analysis, a garment factory is selected as the object of study, and the computer simulation is carried out by using FDS Evac, and the results are analyzed by range analysis. The results show that CO content, personnel density and personnel velocity have significant influence on evacuation time, which is consistent with the conclusion of principal component analysis. Finally, according to the theory of risk analysis, the concept of controllability of factors affecting evacuation is put forward. According to the formula, the controllable degree of all kinds of evacuation factors is obtained, which is of great significance to the fire protection design of buildings. The effective measures to reduce evacuation time are put forward from the aspects of personnel management, management of toxic and harmful substances, number of obstacles and so on.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

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