基于数值模拟的人员疏散设计优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 06:10

本文选题：Building　切入点：Exodus　出处：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展,建筑施工技术的不断提升,现代建筑的结构越来越复杂,于此同时,对人员在发生突发事件时的安全疏散造成了相当大的影响。近年来,建筑火灾事故频发,致使多人伤亡,对人们的生命财产造成了巨大威胁,在遭遇突发事件时,如何降低人员安全疏散的所需时间、确保人员安全疏散显得越来越重要。本文研究的主要出发点就在于优化建筑消防设计,合理布置安全出口和规划疏散路线,进一步降低人员所需安全疏散时间。依据《建筑设计防火规范》,对于建筑物安全出口设计的规定仅限于一个防火分区不少于两个安全出口并且量个安全出口之间的最近边缘距离不应小于5米,防火分区内任意一点至最近的安全出口距离不应大于30米,这就给了设计者相当大的发挥空间。同时,.在建筑的使用方面,并没有严格限制人流量的规定,这就会使得在工作日和节假日建筑内人员的数量出现较大的差距。笔者通过使用人员疏散模拟软件Building Exodus,建立相应的人员行为模型,模拟分析了人员密度、安全出口位置、安全出口数量以及疏散方案等四种因素对人员疏散时长的影响,同时结合工程疏散演习实例对以上模拟分析结果进行了佐证。通过模拟分析,可以清晰地看出:1、人员的总疏散时长是随着人员密度的增大而不断增大的,又通过对比计算可以得出人员密度ρ=0.51 人/m2时比ρ=0.45人/m2时总疏散时长增加了 17.7%,这也就定量地确定了人员密度对疏散时长的影响是相当大的;2、从安全出口的数量这一角度进行分析,在疏散总宽度一致的前提下,可以看出当设置两扇相同宽度疏散门时人员的疏散总时长为132.6s,而设置一宽两窄三扇门时人员的总疏散时长为138.9s,时间增幅为4.8%,从数据分析的情况来看在疏散总宽度相同的情况下设置不同安全出口的数目对人员安全疏散总时长的影响并不大;3、从安全出口设置的位置来讲,当疏散门沿长边或者短边相对设置时对人员的安全疏散时间影响不大,但当疏散门分居两边时疏散时长或相应增加18.5%,不利于人员更快地进行疏散;4、在进行方案对比时,笔者设定了三种不同的疏散方案,模拟分析了这三种疏散方案对人员疏散的影响,结果表明实行方案二的人员疏散时长比方案一的时长增幅达到了 43,8%,方案三更是比方案一的疏散时长增加了 83.4%,由此可见制定较为合理的疏散方案更加有利于人员的逃生。另外参考安全出口使用效率参数亦即OPS,依据相关规定人员疏散模拟的出口使用效率是以0.1为标准进行衡量的。如果大于0.1就说明各出口在疏散的使用效能分配情况较差;反之则说明人员分配较为合理,在实行方案一时安全出口的使用效率为0.036,低于标准值0.1,这也就说明方案一的设置对实现较短时间完成人员疏散是有利的,而在实行方案二和方案三时,安全出口的使用效率分别为0.538和0.877,均远大于标准值0.1,说明这两种方案都是不利于人员安全疏散的。研究分析的结果会通过硬件和软件两方面对建筑的消防性能化设计提供参考和依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, construction technology continues to improve, more and more complex structure of modern architecture, meanwhile, has caused great impact on personnel in emergency evacuation. In recent years, frequent fire accidents, causing many casualties, caused a great threat to people's life the property in the event of emergencies, how to reduce the time required for safety evacuation, to ensure the safety of personnel evacuation is becoming more and more important. The main purpose of this paper is to optimize the building fire protection design, reasonable layout safety exit and evacuation route planning, to further reduce the required safety egress time. On the basis of building fire safety regulations "Design >, is limited to a fire zone of not less than two and a safe exit between the exit nearest edge distance for the design of buildings export safety regulations Not less than 5 metres, fire zone of arbitrary point to the nearest exit distance should not be greater than 30 meters, which gives designers considerable space to play. At the same time, in terms of the use of the building, and no regulations strictly limit the flow of people, it will make a larger gap in the number of working days holidays and personnel within the building. The author uses the evacuation simulation software Building Exodus, the establishment of personnel behavior model, simulation analysis of the personnel density, safety exit location, safety exit number and evacuation plan of four factors on the impact of evacuation time, combined with the engineering example of evacuation simulation results were to support the above. Through simulation analysis, we can clearly see that: 1, the total evacuation time is increased with increase of the density of the staff, and through the comparison can be used to get people The density of =0.51 member /m2 than P =0.45 /m2 when the total evacuation time increased by 17.7%, which also quantitatively determine the considerable effect of density on the evacuation of personnel is long; 2, carries on the analysis from the perspective of the number of exit, the total width of evacuation under the same premise, can to see when people set up two fan the same width when the evacuation door total evacuation time is 132.6s, and the total evacuation of personnel set up a narrow width of two three doors when the length is 138.9s, the time for an increase of 4.8%, from the data analysis of the situation in the total width of evacuation under the condition of the same number of different security settings exit effect of safety evacuation of the total length is small; 3, from the exit position, when the evacuation door is opposite along the long side or the short side when the safety evacuation time of personnel is not affected, but when the evacuation evacuation door separated when both sides of time or increase 18.5%, is not conducive to faster evacuation of personnel; 4, the plan comparison, we set three different evacuation plans, simulation analysis of the influence that the three evacuation plan on evacuation, results show that the personnel evacuation plan two longer than the length of the program increased by 43,8% scheme of midnight is than one evacuation length increased by 83.4%, thus making evacuation scheme more reasonable and more conducive to the personnel to escape. Another reference exit efficiency parameter is OPS, according to the relevant provisions of the personnel evacuation simulation export efficiency is measured by 0.1. If greater than 0.1 indicates the export in the poor efficiency distribution of evacuation; otherwise, personnel allocation is reasonable, in the implementation of a safe exit efficiency is 0.036, lower than the standard value of 0.1, that is to say A set of plans for a short period of time to complete the evacuation is beneficial, and in the implementation of the scheme two and three, the use efficiency of safety exports were 0.538 and 0.877, are far greater than the standard value of 0.1, indicating that the two schemes are not conducive to the safe evacuation of the research results. Through the two aspects of hardware and software to provide reference and basis for the design of fire performance-based building.

【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU892

【相似文献】