基于可达性的北京市石景山区公园绿地格局研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 17:54

本文选题：石景山区　切入点：公园绿地　出处：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市公园绿地作为城市重要的自然景观元素,是城市绿地系统中与城市居民生活联系最为密切,是最能发挥生态效益和社会功能的城市绿地类型。近年来,城市发展的进程越来越快,在钢筋水泥包裹下的人们迫切希望在灰色的城市中看到一点绿色,各地也是加大了对城市中公园绿地的建设。但是盲目的建设只会增加投资成本,而未见效益。随着城市居民生活水平的提高,人们开始不仅仅满足于身边建设有多少公园绿地,而更加关注于是否能够便捷地进入这些公园绿地。城市公园绿地是否真正有效地被游人使用,光靠公园绿地服务半径、城市绿化率、人均绿地面积等传统指标无法得知,需要利用一种更为科学的方法来判定公园绿地是否符合人们的要求。城市公园绿地的可达性是体现城市公园绿地所提供的自然服务能否被市民便捷、公平享用的一个重要指标,其本质内涵是从城市空间中的任意一点到达公园绿地的便捷程度,反映了人们到达目的地的水平运动过程所克服的空间阻力大小,是目前评价城市绿地格局水平的重要手段之一。研究城市公园绿地可达性的方法有很多种。其中网络分析法是一种借助ArcGIS平台,以城市公园绿地和居住区出入口为源、城市实际道路网络为骨架的研究方法,可以忽略城市公园绿地大小、形状等变量,以真实到达公园绿地出入口为目的,寻求最佳资源和最短路径,计算出城市公园绿地的服务能力,分析结果客观、准确,适合用来研究北京市石景山区公园绿地的可达性。根据使用网络分析法得出的结果发现,北京市石景山区八角街道、老山街道、八宝山街道、鲁谷社区四个区域12处公园绿地可达性较好,另有古城街道、金顶街街道、苹果园街道、广宁街道、五里坨街道五个区域11处公园绿地可达性较差。为了使研究更加准确,对北京市石景山区23处公园绿地进行了实地调研并发放调查问卷,以获取公园绿地使用人群的真实感受,并对问卷部分项目结果使用语义差异法量化评价结果。而后综合道路和交通、端点吸引力和人口分布这三个影响可达性的因素共同判定北京市石景山区公园绿地的可达性,完善了以往单纯使用一种研究方法分析可达性所得出的结论,为研究城市公园绿地可达性提供了一种新思路。最后,分析北京市石景山区公园绿地可达性情况和公园绿地格局现状问题,并根据分析结果对北京市石景山区公园绿地格局提出增加公园绿地数量和类型、完善北京市石景山区交通网络和丰富公园绿地内部游憩设施三项优化建议。
[Abstract]:As an important natural landscape element of the city, urban park green space is the most closely related to the life of urban residents in the urban green space system, and it is the type of urban green space that can play the most ecological and social functions.In recent years, the process of urban development is getting faster and faster. People under the reinforced and cement wrap are eager to see a little green in the gray city, and the construction of the park green space in the city has been increased.But the blind construction will only increase the investment cost, but does not see the benefit.A more scientific method is needed to determine whether the park greens meet people's requirements.The accessibility of urban park green space is an important indicator to reflect whether the natural service provided by urban park green space can be conveniently and equitably enjoyed by citizens. Its essential connotation is to reach the convenient degree of park green space from any point in urban space.It is one of the important methods to evaluate the level of urban green space pattern.There are many ways to study the accessibility of urban park green space.In order to get to the entrance and exit of the park green space, the best resources and shortest path are sought, and the service ability of the urban park green space is calculated. The analysis result is objective and accurate, which is suitable for studying the accessibility of the park green space in Shijingshan District, Beijing.According to the results obtained by using the network analysis method, it is found that 12 parks and green spaces in the four districts of Shijingshan District, Beijing, Beijing, Laoshan Street, Babaoshan Street and Lugu Community have good accessibility. There are also ancient city streets and Jinding Street streets.Apple Orchard Street, Guangning Street, Wulituo Street, five areas of 11 parks and green space accessibility poor.And some items of the questionnaire results using semantic difference method quantitative evaluation results.Then the accessibility of the park green space in Shijingshan District of Beijing was judged by three factors, road and traffic, endpoint attractiveness and population distribution.The conclusion obtained from the analysis of reachability by using one kind of research method in the past is improved, which provides a new way to study the accessibility of urban park green space.Finally, the paper analyzes the status quo of green space accessibility and green space pattern in Shijingshan District, Beijing, and proposes to increase the number and type of green space in Shijingshan District, Beijing, according to the results of the analysis.Improve the traffic network of Shijingshan District of Beijing and enrich the park green space interior recreation facilities three optimization suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU986.5

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