复合动作工况下液压挖掘机动臂与转台节能技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 05:18

本文选题：液压挖掘机 + 能量回收　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：工程机械行业发展前景良好,液压挖掘机作为其主要机种,有着巨大的市场需求。然而其环境不友好的特点,促使挖掘机向着节能环保的方向发展,使得液压挖掘机节能技术成为各大工程机械厂商研究的热点。为提高挖掘机节能效果,论文提出一种采用蓄能器和蓄电池储能的液压挖掘机动臂与转台能量回收系统,实现了动臂下降与回转制动复合动作下的能量回收。对系统进行方案设计、元件选型和参数匹配、模型建立和对比仿真分析、以及参数影响和实验验证等方面的研究。论文主要内容划分如下:1.介绍当前液压挖掘机节能相关的研究进展。通过论述并分析挖掘机液压系统、动臂、转台以及多工作装置等方面的节能技术研究现状,得出其中不足,进而确定本课题的研究内容。2.对提出的系统进行方案设计。对动臂下降势能回收模块、转台制动能量回收模块以及能量存储与释放模块进行方案设计,遵照总体设计要求,整合各模块方案,设计出电液协调式能量回收系统,完成系统方案设计。3.对系统主要元件进行选型及参数匹配。以某型7吨级液压挖掘机为实例,对动臂和转台主要元件、蓄能器、回收马达和发电机的型号及具体参数进行匹配,为接下来的系统节能研究做好准备。4.对系统进行仿真研究。建立系统模型并设置各项参数,制定仿真动作和控制策略并仿真,结果表明:参数合理匹配前提下,相比于可回收能量,回转制动综合能量回收率为61.3%,动臂下降综合能量回收率为27.3%;系统总的能量回收率为44.9%,再利用率为47.2%,节能效果良好。在仅改变系统储能元件的前提下,搭建相应的系统模型,对液压式能量回收系统和电力式能量回收系统进行仿真分析,并与原系统进行综合比较。5.关键参数对系统节能的影响研究。为指导参数优化,提高系统节能表现,基于仿真分析,研究关键参数与系统回收能量的关系。系统仿真时通过改变蓄能器初始容积和压力、回收马达排量、节流阀的有无及其孔径等关键参数,得出各参数对系统能量回收率的影响。同时为提高系统的控制性能,对动臂下降和回转制动进行了改进。6.蓄能器参数对系统节能影响的实验研究。为验证仿真得到的蓄能器关键参数对系统节能效果的影响,设计实验方案,选择实验设备,结合实际情况搭建模拟实验台。模拟实验匹配某型4吨级液压挖掘机回转制动相关参数,分析所得数据,仿真结果得到验证。
[Abstract]:Construction machinery industry has a good development prospects, hydraulic excavators as its main machinery, has a huge market demand.However, because of its unfriendly environment, the excavator is developing towards the direction of energy saving and environmental protection, and the energy-saving technology of hydraulic excavator has become a hot spot in the research of construction machinery manufacturers.In order to improve the energy saving effect of excavator, a kind of energy recovery system of hydraulic excavator using accumulator and storage battery is put forward, which realizes the energy recovery under the compound action of moving arm drop and rotary brake.The scheme design, component selection and parameter matching, model building and comparative simulation analysis, as well as parameter influence and experimental verification are studied.The main contents of the paper are divided as follows: 1.This paper introduces the research progress on energy saving of hydraulic excavators.Based on the discussion and analysis of the research status of the hydraulic system of excavator, the moving arm, the turntable and the multi-working device, the deficiency of the energy saving technology is obtained, and the research content of this subject is determined.The proposed system is designed.According to the overall design requirements, the paper designs the modules of the drop potential energy recovery module, the brake energy recovery module and the energy storage and release module. According to the overall design requirements, the integrated modules, the electro-hydraulic coordinated energy recovery system is designed.Complete the system scheme design. 3.The main components of the system are selected and the parameters are matched.Taking a 7 ton hydraulic excavator as an example, the main components of moving arm and turntable, accumulator, recovery motor and generator are matched and the specific parameters are matched.The simulation of the system is carried out.The system model and parameters are set up, simulation actions and control strategies are formulated and simulated. The results show that: compared with recoverable energy, the simulation results show that: 1.The comprehensive energy recovery rate of rotary braking is 61.3%, the recovery rate of moving arm descending comprehensive energy is 27.30.The total energy recovery rate of the system is 44.9, and the reutilization ratio is 47.2. The energy saving effect is good.On the premise of only changing the energy storage components of the system, the corresponding system model is built, and the hydraulic energy recovery system and the electric energy recovery system are simulated and analyzed, and compared with the original system.The influence of key parameters on system energy saving is studied.In order to optimize the parameters and improve the performance of energy saving, the relationship between the key parameters and the energy recovery of the system is studied based on the simulation analysis.By changing the initial volume and pressure of the accumulator, recovering the motor displacement, the existence of the throttle valve and its aperture, the influence of each parameter on the energy recovery rate of the system is obtained.At the same time, in order to improve the control performance of the system, the arm drop and rotary brake are improved. 6. 6.Experimental study on the effect of accumulator parameters on system energy saving.In order to verify the influence of the key parameters of the accumulator on the energy saving effect of the system, the experimental scheme was designed, the experimental equipment was selected, and the simulation test bench was built according to the actual situation.The simulation experiment matches the parameters related to the rotary braking of a 4-ton hydraulic excavator. The data obtained are analyzed and the simulation results are verified.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU621

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