施工人员行走荷载作用下脚手架的动力分析

发布时间：2018-04-17 13:54

本文选题：脚手架 + 行为模拟试验　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文研究内容属于国家自然科学基金项目(No.51578050):“高大模板支撑体系的防错机理和对策研究”的一部分。我国由人为错误引起的脚手架事故频发,不仅使企业效益和人民的生命财产安全产生巨大损失,还引起了社会的广泛关注。在此背景下,本文主要进行了以下工作:(1)根据实地调研的结果,分析给出脚手架安装过程中,施工人员的两种常见操作行为—负重行走和敲击。进行这两种常见操作行为的模拟试验,得到模拟人员A、B进行负重行走和敲击行为时各关节角度的时程变化数据,并对数据进行分析处理。(2)根据上述行为模拟试验的数据建立三维人体模型,并将上述模拟试验得到的人体各关节角度的时程数据作为初始驱动数据,进行脚手架上施工人员常见操作行为的仿真分析。本文通过分析研究提出:模拟人员A、B负重行走时,单脚产生的动力荷载模型—F-wb荷载模型。并根据模拟人员进行负重行走和敲击时的最大活动范围,确定脚手架的新尺寸。(3)根据行为仿真分析给出的脚手架的新尺寸,建立脚手架有限元模型,并根据F-wb荷载模型得到施工人员行走时产生的动力荷载,将此行走动力荷载施加到脚手架上进行动力分析。研究讨论在静、动力荷载作用下,该脚手架的变形和受力。定义“动力增加效应De”,表示考虑动力效应比未考虑动力效应时,脚手架内力的增加程度。通过计算分析可知:考虑动力效应后,脚手架截面的内力峰值高于未考虑动力效应时的内力最大值,这对结构是不利的。从而得出结论:从结构受力角度考虑,简单的将动力荷载简化为静力荷载进行脚手架的设计计算是不安全的。分析讨论单人行走荷载施加在脚手架不同层时,该脚手架的变形、受力情况。进行两人行走荷载邻跨施加、隔跨施加在脚手架第五层时,脚手架的动力分析,经研究分析得出结论:行走荷载隔跨加载能够在很大程度上减小脚手架水平横杆的位移,有利于结构安全,但是对脚手架水平横杆的内力没有明确的降低效果。
[Abstract]:This thesis is a part of the project No. 51578050 of the National Natural Science Foundation, "study on the error Prevention Mechanism and Countermeasures of large Formwork support system".The frequent accidents of scaffolding caused by human error in our country not only cause great loss of enterprise benefit and the safety of people's life and property, but also cause widespread concern by the society.Under this background, this paper mainly carries on the following work: 1) according to the field investigation result, analyzes and gives two kinds of common operation behavior of the construction personnel in the course of scaffold installation, that is, walking with load and knocking.The simulation tests of these two common operating behaviors were carried out to obtain the time-history data of the angles of the joints during the weight-bearing walking and knocking behavior of the simulators.The data are analyzed and processed. (2) based on the data of the behavior simulation test, a three-dimensional human body model is built, and the time history data of the joint angle obtained from the simulation experiment are taken as the initial driving data.The common operation behavior of the construction personnel on the scaffold is simulated and analyzed.In this paper, the dynamic load model -F-wb load model is put forward by analyzing and researching.According to the maximum range of movement of the simulators, the new size of scaffold is determined. According to the behavior simulation analysis, the new size of scaffold is given, and the finite element model of scaffold is established.According to the F-wb load model, the dynamic load is obtained, and the dynamic load is applied to the scaffold for dynamic analysis.The deformation and force of the scaffold under static and dynamic loads are discussed."dynamic increase effect de" is defined to indicate the degree of increase in the internal force of scaffolding when the dynamic effect is taken into account than when the dynamic effect is not taken into account.According to the calculation and analysis, the peak value of internal force of scaffold cross section is higher than that without dynamic effect, which is disadvantageous to the structure.It is concluded that it is not safe to simply simplify the dynamic load to the static load and calculate the scaffold from the point of view of structural stress.The deformation and force of the scaffold are analyzed and discussed when the single-man walking load is applied on different layers of the scaffold.The dynamic analysis of the scaffold is carried out when two people's walking load is applied by adjacent span and the spacer is applied on the fifth floor of scaffold. It is concluded by research and analysis that the displacement of the horizontal crossbar of scaffold can be reduced to a great extent by loading the straddle of walking load.It is beneficial to the safety of the structure, but the internal force of the horizontal crossbar of the scaffold is not clearly reduced.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU731.2;TU312.1

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