臭氧活性炭深度处理清源水库水的效果及氯消毒副产物的控制研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 21:48

本文选题：混凝 + 臭氧　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本论文以山东省商河县清源水库原水为研究对象,探究臭氧和粉末活性炭(PAC)与混凝沉淀组合联用,对溶解性有机物(DOM)的深度处理效能以及出水消毒副产物的生成控制情况。以出水UV254和溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除率为参考,优选出最佳混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC1)投加量、臭氧氧化时间、PAC投加量以及最佳组合方式。用三维荧光检测分析出水有机物官能团组成及含量的变化。在氯消毒研究中,首先系统分析了氯消毒条件(消毒时间和消毒剂量)对含C-类消毒副产物(C-DBPs)和含N-类消毒副产物(N-DBPs)生成的影响。然后对混凝(CT)、混凝-粉末活性炭吸附(CT-C)、臭氧-混凝-粉末活性炭吸附(03-CT-C)、混凝-臭氧-粉末活性炭吸附(CT-O3-C)四种不同工艺组合出水进行氯消毒实验。研究不同组合工艺出水中有机物C-DBPs和N-DBPs的生成浓度、种类分布、三卤甲烷(THMs)的生成势、生成动力学以及溴结合因子(BIF)的变化情况。本文得到的主要研究结果如下:(1)混凝对清源水库原水DOM有一定的去除作用,但去除能力有限,在PAC1投加量从0mg/L增加到12mg/L的过程中,DOC去除率缓慢增加,但最高DOC去除率低于50%。PAC对有机物有较好吸附去除效果,在PAC投加量为1.0g/L时,吸附达到平衡。CT-C可以将DOC的去除率提高到80%以上。臭氧可以有效氧化有机物分子中的双键和芳香结构,降低出水有机物的UV254值,且臭氧化时间和UV254的去除呈正相关性。在CT-C过程中加入臭氧可以进一步提高10%的有机物去除率。在四种组合工艺中,CT-03-C对有机物的去除效果最好。(2)氯消毒实验结果表明延长消毒时间会增加大部分C-DBPs和N-DBPs生成。三氯甲烷(TCM)和二氯乙腈(DCAN)分别是含量最丰富的C-DBP和N-DBP。随着消毒时间的增加,溴代三卤甲烷(Br-THMs)生成浓度增加,而TCAN是不稳定的N-DBP,随消毒时间延长会水解,浓度降低。因此TCM占总C-DBPs的比例随消毒时间延长而逐渐降低。氯投加剂量的增加会提高C-DBPs中氯代消毒副产物(Cl-DBPs)浓度,降低溴代消毒副产物(Br-DBPs)浓度。N-DBPs含量随氯投加量的改变没有明显的变化。(3)单独混凝可以去除10.5%的THMs前驱物和45%的卤代乙腈(HANs)前驱物。CT-C对二者前驱物的去除率分别为70%和93%。说明PAC对THMs前驱物和HANs前驱物有较好的吸附性能。在CT-C前加入预臭氧可以降低THMs的总生成浓度,加快HANs的水解速率,但同时提高了有机物的三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP),增加出水有机物Br-THMs的生成浓度。在混凝和臭氧、PAC吸附联用后,出水有机物溴结合因子(BIF)变大,说明臭氧的氧化增强了有机物与溴的结合能力。(4)THMs生成动力学研究表明,清源水库原水中25.6%的THMs前驱物是可以在短时间内与氯反应生成消毒副产物,属于快速反应组分DOM。传统混凝和PAC吸附都可以有效去除这些快反应组分。CT-C出水有最小的THMs收益率,说明CT-C对那些优先与氯结合的有机物有较好的去除效果。
[Abstract]:Taking the raw water of Qingyuan Reservoir in Shanghe County, Shandong Province as the research object, the combined use of ozone and powdered activated carbon (PAC) and coagulant sedimentation was studied to study the advanced treatment efficiency of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the control of the formation of disinfection by-products in effluent.According to the removal rate of effluent UV254 and dissolved organic carbon (UV254), the optimal dosage of coagulant PAC1, the dosage of ozone oxidation time and the best combination method were selected.The composition and content of organic functional groups in water were analyzed by three-dimensional fluorescence detection.In the study of chlorine disinfection, the effects of disinfection conditions (disinfection time and disinfectant quantity) on the formation of C-DBPscontaining C-DBPsand N-DBPscontaining N-DBPswere analyzed systematically.Then the chlorine disinfection experiments were carried out on four different processes: CTT, Coagulation-Powder activated carbon adsorption, Ozone Coagulation-Powder activated carbon adsorption, Coagulation-Ozone-Powder activated carbon adsorption CT-O3-C.The formation concentration, species distribution, formation potential, formation kinetics of trihalomethane (THMs) and the change of bromine binding factor (BIFs) of organic compounds (C-DBPs and N-DBPs) in effluent from different combination processes were studied.The main results obtained in this paper are as follows: (1) Coagulation has a certain removal effect on DOM in raw water of Qingyuan Reservoir, but its removal capacity is limited, and the removal rate of PAC1 increases slowly during the process of increasing the dosage of PAC1 from 0mg/L to 12mg/L.However, the highest removal rate of DOC was lower than that of 50%.PAC. When the dosage of PAC was 1.0g/L, the adsorption reached equilibrium. CT-C could increase the removal rate of DOC to more than 80%.Ozone can effectively oxidize the double bonds and aromatic structures of organic molecules and reduce the UV254 value of organic compounds in effluent. The ozonation time is positively correlated with the removal of UV254.Adding ozone to CT-C process can further increase the removal rate of organic matter by 10%.Among the four combined processes, CT-03-C had the best removal effect on organic matter. The results showed that prolonging the disinfection time would increase the formation of C-DBPs and N-DBPs.Trichloromethane (TCM) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) were the most abundant C-DBP and N-DBP, respectively.With the increase of disinfection time, the concentration of brominated trihalomethane Br-THMswas increased, while TCAN was unstable N-DBP, which was hydrolyzed and decreased with the increase of disinfection time.Therefore, the proportion of TCM to total C-DBPs decreased with the prolongation of disinfection time.The concentration of chlorinated disinfection by-product (Cl-DBPs) in C-DBPs was increased with the increase of chlorine dosage.Reducing the concentration of brominated disinfection by-product Br-DBPs.N-DBPs content has no obvious change with the change of chlorine dosage.) Coagulation alone can remove 10.5% THMs precursor and 45% acetonitrile halide HANs) precursor. CT-C can remove 70% and 93% of the precursors, respectively.The results show that PAC has good adsorption properties for THMs precursor and HANs precursor.The addition of pre-ozonation before CT-C can reduce the total concentration of THMs and accelerate the hydrolysis rate of HANs, but at the same time increase the formation potential of trihalomethane and increase the concentration of Br-THMs in effluent.After combined coagulation and ozone PAC adsorption, the BIFs of effluent organic matter increased, which indicated that the oxidation of ozone enhanced the binding ability of organic matter to bromine. The kinetic study on the formation of THMs showed that the oxidation of ozone enhanced the binding ability of organic compounds to bromine.25.6% of the THMs precursors in the raw water of Qingyuan Reservoir can react with chlorine in a short time to form disinfection by-products, which belongs to the rapid reaction component.Both traditional coagulation and PAC adsorption can effectively remove these fast reaction components. CT-C effluent has the minimum THMs yield, which indicates that CT-C has a better removal effect on those organic compounds which are preferentially bound to chlorine.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU991.2

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