夯土新的形式可能性研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 05:34

本文选题：夯土 + 新形式可能　；参考：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：夯土,在人们心中一度处于比较尴尬的境地,一方面人们认同它冬暖夏凉的舒适性,另一方面在观念上认为其粗糙而不“高级”。从当今可持续发展的要求出发,夯土所具有的可就地取材、循环使用、蓄热性能突出、造价低廉等优点,可以看出其巨大的生态应用潜力。正因如此欧美发达国家通过对夯土材料进行系统性的研究,形成了一系列具有广泛应用价值的建造技术及理论指导,并且呈现了一批具有现代审美价值的夯土建筑实践。受大环境的影响,国内开始针对夯土建筑进行一系列的工程实践与理论研究。其中理论上主要侧重于对夯土建筑的建造工艺及物理性能方面的研究,而针对夯土建筑形式的发展研究关注甚少。因此本文以形式为出发点,试图为大众展示夯土建筑在现代应用的可能性。本文从三个方面着手进行研究:一是夯土建筑的相关理论与建造要素的研究;二是对夯土建筑的形式特征进行分析总结,提炼夯土建筑形式生成的成因;三是夯土建筑新形式可能性的提出。论文基础理论部分梳理了夯土建造工艺从传统到现代的发展变化,简述了夯土建筑生成的建造要素。论文针对夯土建筑自身的特点,以发现和总结夯土建筑的形式特征为目标,从夯土建筑环境、结构、外部形态、空间形态和特殊细部五个方面着手,通过对国内外传统到现代的夯土建筑案例进行归纳与总结,提炼出了夯土建筑的地貌融合性、生态性特征;建筑结构兼具承重、围合功能的特征;建筑外部形态的模板形态化特征、由规整到自由的变化趋势特征;建筑空间形态的由封闭到开敞的空间布局趋势特征、空间趋于人性化特征;特殊细部的节点保护性特征。以形式特征研究为切入点,提炼现代夯土建筑形式生成的成因主要在于夯土墙体受建造工艺中材料的优化、模板工具的改良、建造流程科学化发展的变化所形成。抓住设计形成的本质,为后文新形式可能性的提出作理论基础与铺垫。论文的最后一部分,从影响夯土建筑形式生成的夯土材料、模板和夯筑流程等方面出发,通过案例佐证、建造原理分析和SU模型搭建演示的方法,提出以下夯土建筑新的形式可能性:1、以夯筑模板变化为基础,提出“整体式预埋骨架”的新形式可能,进而形成的“半脱模”、“不脱模”以及金属网预埋的新形式可能性;2、由“版筑”到“砌筑”的构建方式变化,提出“砌筑式夯土块”的新形式可能,进而可形成的独立式夯土隔墙的应用可能;3、从夯土骨料出发,提出透光性骨料的添加可以促成室内光影塑造等新形式的产生;4、从夯土建筑与现代材料的结合出发,提出夯土墙与石材、透光材料等相结合的新形式可能。最后通过实际案例,将新的形式应用于建造设计当中。本文为夯土建筑在未来的形式表现提出了部分可能性设想,试图丰富夯土建筑研究的方向与角度,为专业建筑、结构人士提供新的思考切入点,也希望通过对形式的研究让更多的大众充分了解夯土建筑的发展情况,为现代夯土建筑在我国的发展研究提供帮助。
[Abstract]:Rammed soil has been in a relatively awkward situation in the people's mind. On the one hand, people agree that it is warm in summer and cool in summer. On the other hand, it is considered rough but not "advanced" on the other hand. From the requirement of sustainable development today, the ramming soil has the advantages of local material, recycling use, outstanding heat storage performance, low cost and so on. The great potential of ecological application is seen. Because of the systematic research on Rammed Soil Materials in the developed countries of Europe and America, a series of construction technology and theoretical guidance with extensive application value have been formed, and a batch of rammed buildings with modern aesthetic values have been presented. The building carries out a series of engineering practice and theoretical research. In theory, it mainly focuses on the research on the construction technology and physical properties of rammed earth building, but little attention has been paid to the development of Rammed Soil architecture. Therefore, this paper, taking the form as the starting point, tries to show the possibility of the modern application of rammed earth buildings for the public. From three aspects: one is the related theory and construction factors of rammed earth building; two is the analysis and summary of the form characteristics of rammed earth building, the causes of the formation of Rammed Soil building form, and the new possibility of Rammed Soil building. The basic theory part of the paper has combed the Rammed Soil construction technology from the traditional to the present. In view of the characteristics of rammed earth building, the paper aims at finding and summarizing the form characteristics of rammed earth building, with five aspects from the environment, structure, exterior shape, space form and special detail of Rammed Soil Building, through the case of rammed earth architecture from home and abroad to modern rammed earth. By summarizing and summarizing, the geomorphic and ecological features of the rammed soil are extracted and the architectural structure has the characteristics of bearing and enclosing functions, and the morphological features of the exterior form of the building are characterized by the change trend from the regular to the free. The space form is from the closed to the open spatial distribution trend, and the space tends to be humanized. Characteristics; the characteristic of the special details. Taking the form feature research as the breakthrough point, the causes of the formation of modern Rammed Soil building form mainly lie in the material optimization of the rammed earth wall, the improvement of the template tools, the changes in the scientific development of the construction process. In the last part of the thesis, from the aspects of rammer material, formwork and ramming process that affect the form of Rammed Soil Building, through case analysis, construction principle analysis and SU model building demonstration method, the new form possibility of Rammed Soil building is put forward as follows: 1, based on the change of tamping formwork as the basis The new form of "holistic preburied skeleton" is put forward, and the new form of "half stripping", "no demoulding" and the new possibility of metal mesh preembedding are formed. 2, the construction mode of "masonry" to "masonry" is changed, and the new form of "masonry rammer" is proposed, and the application of the independent rammer wall may be formed. 3, on the basis of Rammed Soil aggregate, the addition of transparent aggregate can bring about new forms of indoor light and shadow molding. 4, from the combination of Rammed Soil Building and modern materials, a new form of combination of rammed earth wall and stone material and light transmittance is proposed. Finally, the new form is applied to the construction design through practical cases. In order to enrich the research direction and angle of Rammed Soil architecture, we try to enrich the research direction and angle of rammed earth building, provide new thinking entry points for professional architecture and structure people, and hope that more people can fully understand the development of Rammed Soil and construction and the modern rammed earth building in our country. Development research provides help.

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU361;TU209

【参考文献】