基于“暴露—敏感—适应”的城市脆弱性空间研究——以兰州市为例

发布时间：2018-04-23 18:36

本文选题：城市脆弱性 + 防灾减灾　；参考：《经济地理》2017年03期

【摘要】：城市脆弱性空间研究是城市防灾减灾及弹性城市规划的重要依据,目前的城市脆弱性研究不足以支撑弹性规划。建立“暴露—敏感—适应”城市脆弱性研究框架、评价指标体系和评价模型,以兰州市为例,收集城市自然灾害危险性分布、地形、降水、街道单元人口普查和经济普查数据以及城市土地利用和基础设施等相关数据,运用主成分分析、聚类分析方法,进行城市空间脆弱性研究。结果表明,基于“暴露—敏感—适应”的城市脆弱性研究框架能够提高城市脆弱性评价分析结论的针对性及规划应对的可操作性,基于街道空间单元的研究能够提高城市脆弱性空间格局识别的精度,为城市防灾减灾和弹性城市规划提供科学依据。案例城市兰州城市脆弱性在三个组分上均存在明显的空间分异,可以降低暴露性、降低敏感性和提高适应能力为原则,针对呈现出不同脆弱性特征的城市空间单元施加相应的弹性规划干预。
[Abstract]:The study of urban vulnerability space is an important basis for urban disaster prevention and mitigation and flexible urban planning. In this paper, the framework of "exposure, sensitivity and adaptation" study on urban vulnerability, the evaluation index system and evaluation model are established. Taking Lanzhou as an example, the risk distribution, topography and precipitation of urban natural disasters are collected. Based on the data of population census and economic census of street unit, urban land use and infrastructure, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (cluster analysis) were used to study urban spatial vulnerability. The results show that the framework of urban vulnerability research based on "exposure, sensitivity and adaptation" can improve the pertinence of the conclusions of urban vulnerability assessment and the maneuverability of planning and coping. The research based on street spatial unit can improve the accuracy of urban vulnerability spatial pattern identification and provide scientific basis for urban disaster prevention and mitigation and flexible urban planning. In the case of Lanzhou city, there are obvious spatial differences among the three components, which can reduce the exposure, reduce the sensitivity and improve the adaptability. Flexible planning interventions are applied to urban spatial units with different vulnerability characteristics.
【作者单位】：清华大学建筑学院;
【分类号】：K901

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