山地城市临街型公共建筑入口环境景观设计探究

发布时间：2018-05-01 07:25

本文选题：山地城市 + 临街型公共建筑　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：临街型公共建筑扎根在城市的大街小巷中,时时刻刻都与城市道路保持着物质能量的交换。其入口环境在城市中占据着大量用地,是联系公共建筑与城市的纽带,它既服务于公共建筑,又是城市街道空间中不可或缺的一部分。山地城市中的公共建筑与道路连接的方式因地形的变化而妙趣横生,产生很多巧妙的空间组织,也滋生不少零碎的角落空间,形成了千变万化的临街型入口环境。但人们将临街型入口环境视为建筑附属物的理念已根深蒂固,一些粗暴地解决地形的方式以及诸多自私化、不人性化的设计造成了大量低利用率的空间及粗制滥造的景观,导致了公共环境的公共服务性差等城市问题。通过对国内外不同的山地城市临街型公共建筑进行资料收集与分析,初步按公共建筑与所临道路的相对高度将临街型入口环境分为抬升式入口环境、下沉式入口环境、平地式入口环境、复合式入口环境四种不同类型。其中抬升式入口又包含平行抬升式与交叉抬升式;下沉式入口包含平行下沉式与交叉下沉式;平地式入口包含水平平地式与倾斜平地式;复合式入口包含单面复合式、转角复合式与相对复合式。简要阐明了各类入口环境景观的空间特征。并归纳出临街型入口环境的功能特征、景观特征、使用人群特征等。对重庆主城区不同类型的临街型入口共43处的环境现状、高差处理、交通组织、利用现状方面进行调查记录,归纳得出临街型入口环境普遍的平面布局形式主要为:人行道拓宽型、外侧通道型、内侧通道型、内外通道型4种类型。不同类型入口的通行界面也包含不同的高差处理模式,从断面上看,抬升式与下沉式入口的通行界面的高差处理模式主要为:坡道型、外侧梯道型、内侧梯道型、梯道分布型、侧入型5类;平地式入口的通行界面的高差处理模式主要为:水平型、倾斜型、退阶型、台地型4类。景观界面的处理方法则包含:植物、水体、景墙、雕塑、活动设施、基础设施等。并对重庆市公共建筑入口存在的环境问题进行整理分析,归纳总结出城市街道功能空间与公共建筑功能空间的不和谐、景观破碎化、景观设计不合理等几个方面的问题。最后,对山地城市临街型公共建筑入口的环境问题进行探讨,初步提出山地城市临街型公共建筑入口环境景观的自上而下的规划设计策略。指出四种宏观角度下的设计思维方式,分别为:1、串珠式的城市空间设计思维方式(入口空间公共化);2、空间分配前置的设计思维方式(步行空间连续化);3、一体化的城市景观设计思维方式(道路景观整体化);4、与时俱进的入口景观设计思维方式(环境景观品质化),这四种思想对设计不同类型的入口环境具有普遍性指导意义。并分别针对抬升式、下沉式、平地式、复合式入口环境各自特点提出了不同的设计策略。
[Abstract]:The street type public buildings are rooted in the streets and alleys of the city, and all of the time keep the exchange of material energy with the urban roads. The entrance environment occupies a large amount of land in the city. It is the link between the public buildings and the city. It serves both the public buildings and the urban street space. The way of connection between public buildings and roads is interesting because of the change of terrain, producing many ingenious space organizations, and creating a lot of fragmentary corner space, forming an ever-changing environment of entrance to the street. However, the idea that the entrance environment of the street type is regarded as a building appendage is deeply rooted, and some rough terrain is solved. As well as a lot of selfishness and inhuman design, it has caused a lot of low utilization space and rough landscape, which leads to the problem of poor public service in public environment. Through the collection and analysis of the public buildings in different mountain cities at home and abroad, the public buildings and the road are on the road. The entrance environment of the street type entrance is divided into four different types: the lift entrance environment, the sinking entrance environment, the flat entrance environment and the compound entrance environment, of which the uplift entrances include parallel uplifting and cross uplifting; the sinking entrance includes parallel sinking and cross sinking; the flat entrance includes horizontal leveling. The compound entrances include single side compound, corner compound and relative compound. The spatial features of various entrances and landscapes are briefly clarified, and the functional features, landscape features, and population characteristics of the entrance environment are summed up, and 43 rings of different types of entrance to street type in the main urban area of Chongqing are introduced. The current situation, the height difference treatment, the traffic organization and the use of the current situation are investigated and recorded. It is concluded that the general layout forms of the street entrance environment are mainly 4 types of sidewalk widening, lateral channel type, inner channel type and internal and external channel type. Different types of entrance interface also contains different height difference treatment modes, from cross section There are 5 types of elevation difference between the uplift and the lower entrance entrance: the slope type, the lateral ladder type, the inside ladder type, the distribution type of the ladder, and the side entry type; the height difference treatment mode of the crossing interface of the flat type entrance is the horizontal, the tilted, the back order and the platform type. The treatment methods of the landscape interface include: planting Things, water body, landscape wall, sculpture, activity facilities, infrastructure and so on. And analyze the environmental problems existing in the entrance of public buildings in Chongqing, and summarize the problems of the disharmony between the functional space of the city street and the function space of the public buildings, the fragmentation of the landscape, the unreasonable landscape design and so on. Finally, the street type of the mountain city is on the street type. The environmental problems of the entrance of public buildings are discussed, and the top-down planning and design strategy of the environmental landscape of the entrance of the street type public buildings in the mountainous cities is preliminarily proposed. The design thinking modes of four kinds of macro angles are pointed out, respectively: 1, the beaded urban spatial design thinking formula (the entrance space public); 2, the preposition of the space distribution. Thinking mode (walking space continuum); 3, integrated urban landscape design thinking mode (road landscape holistic); 4, the way of thinking (environmental landscape quality) with the entry of the times (environmental landscape quality), these four ideas have universal guiding significance for the design of different types of entrance environment. Different design strategies are put forward according to their respective characteristics of compound entry environment.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.113;TU242

【参考文献】