绿色建筑评估体系优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 20:04

本文选题：绿色建筑评价标准 + 评价指标　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：长期以来,人类社会都持续着一种高产出、高消耗、高污染的发展模式,尤其是在发展中国家,这种发展模式在计划经济的长期影响之下,高消耗的发展态势尤其明显,生态环境的不断恶化,给国家和人民带来了日益沉重的负担。在这样的时代背景之下,绿色建筑应运而生。在绿色建筑的概念被引入中国之后,如何确定什么样的建筑能称之为绿色建筑成为了人们所关心的问题。正因如此,各式各样的绿色建筑评价标准被开发出来。由于现今的世界是一个快速发展的、动态的世界,各国的国情和生态环境都不会是一层不变的,而绿色建筑的评价必须与本国的国情相契合才能起到其最根本的目的,所以当今重视环境保护的各国都把绿色建筑评估体系的完善作为一项极其重要的课题。目前各国都在持之以恒地做着对本国绿色建筑评估体系的完善和发展。而中国的绿色建筑评估体系从建立至今时日尚短,在诸多方面都有着完善的必要。我国本研究领域的研究主要集中在宏观比较和总体分析上,从体系总体结构、认证流程、评价对象、评价内容、评价方法、政策保障、申报流程、等方面进行对比,并对ESGB未来发展做出总体上的展望,对于体系间指标权重分布及指标设置的对比研究较少,这正是本文研究的主要方向。论文通过对中、美两国绿色建筑评估体系进行总体和各级指标设置、权重分布的对比,来研究如何完善和优化中国的《绿色建筑评价标准》(Evaluation standard for green building,简称 ESGB)。论文在研究过程中使用对比分析法将ESGB与美国《绿色建筑评估体系》(Leadership in EnergyEnvironmental Design Building Rating System,简称 LEED)从国家政策、系列成员构建、评价对象、评分方法等方面进行比较分析,提出了针对上述4点的对于ESGB的优化策略。论文使用对比分析法中的相对数比较,将ESGB与LEED中一级指标及节地类、节水类、节能类、节材类、室内环境质量类二级指标的权重分布进行了比较分析,对指标设置差异及形成原因进行了分析,并提出了针对这些方面的ESGB优化策略。论文归纳整理优化策略,构建评价标准优化模型框架,使用层次分析法与专家问卷调查相结合,确定模型框架内各指标权重分布,使用模型对工程实例进行了评价,并对评价结果进行了分析。论文通过上述工作,提出了对完善中国绿色建筑评估体系的一些建议及展望:开展体系成员多元化建设;对ESGB评分方法优化方案;对ESGB指标设置及划分的优化建议;对ESGB指标权重设置的优化建议等。
[Abstract]:For a long time, human society has continued to develop a pattern of high output, high consumption and high pollution, especially in developing countries. This development model has been affected by planned economy for a long time, and the development trend of high consumption is especially obvious. The continuous deterioration of the ecological environment has brought a heavy burden to the country and people. In such an era background, green building came into being. After the concept of green building was introduced into China, how to determine what kind of building can be called green building has become a question of concern. As a result, a variety of green building evaluation criteria have been developed. Because today's world is a rapidly developing and dynamic world, the national conditions and ecological environment of each country will not be the same, and the evaluation of green buildings must be compatible with their national conditions in order to achieve its most fundamental purpose. Therefore, the improvement of green building evaluation system is regarded as an extremely important subject in the countries that attach importance to environmental protection nowadays. At present, all countries are persevering in the improvement and development of their green building evaluation system. Since the establishment of green building evaluation system in China, the time is still short, and it is necessary to perfect it in many aspects. The research in this research area in China is mainly focused on macro comparison and overall analysis. It compares the overall structure of the system, the certification process, the evaluation object, the evaluation content, the evaluation method, the policy guarantee, the application process, and so on. The future development of ESGB is prospected in general, and the comparative study of index weight distribution and index setting among systems is less, which is the main research direction of this paper. This paper studies how to perfect and optimize China's "Green Building Evaluation Standard" and "standard for green building," by comparing the overall index setting and weight distribution between China and the United States. In the course of the research, the paper uses the comparative analysis method to compare ESGB with the American Leadership in EnergyEnvironmental Design Building Rating System, from the aspects of national policy, the construction of series members, the object of evaluation, the method of scoring, and so on. An optimization strategy for ESGB is proposed for the above four points. By comparing the relative numbers of ESGB and LEED, the weight distribution of the first class index, saving land class, water saving class, energy saving class, saving material class and indoor environmental quality class in ESGB and LEED are compared and analyzed in this paper. This paper analyzes the difference of index setting and its forming reasons, and puts forward the ESGB optimization strategy in view of these aspects. The paper summarizes the optimization strategy, constructs the evaluation standard optimization model framework, uses AHP and expert questionnaire to determine the weight distribution of each index in the model framework, and evaluates the engineering example by using the model. The evaluation results are analyzed. Through the above work, the paper puts forward some suggestions and prospects for improving the evaluation system of green building in China: carrying out the diversified construction of system members, optimizing the scheme of ESGB scoring method, optimizing the setting and division of ESGB indexes, and putting forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of green building in China. To the ESGB index weight setting optimization suggestion and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU201.5

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