既有居住建筑围护结构节能改造的经济性研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 14:49

本文选题：既有居住建筑 + 节能改造　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济不断发展,能源与环境之间的关系愈发紧密。节约能源是我建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必要选择。我国既有居住建筑数量多,能耗高,如不采取节能措施,建筑能耗高居不下将大大加重我国经济负担。既有居住建筑节能改造是降低建筑能耗最直接的办法,即是在不拆除重建的前提下,选取经济上合理、技术上可行的节能改造技术,降低建筑能耗。虽然节能改造技术已经发展成熟,但人们普遍对节能改造工作存在认识误区——“节能不节钱”,使得我国节能改造并没有完全发挥出本身的价值。基于此,论文以既有居住建筑围护结构节能改造经济性研究为切入点,得到主要研究成果有:(1)分析出了既有居住建筑围护结构节能改造增量成本和增量效益构成,并分别对其进行计算。既有居住建筑节能改造产生的增量成本,主要包括建筑安装工程费、工程建设其他费和预备费。产生的增量效益主要包括节能效益和减排效益。增量成本按照造价理论计算出各部分费用,然后求和。增量效益通过计算机软件DeST-h模拟出节能改造前、后的建筑能耗量,将两者差值转换成节约的煤的消耗量,计算其节约带来的节能效益与减排效益。(2)选取兰州市一既有居住建筑为例,模拟计算出既有居住建筑围护结构中屋面、外窗和外墙分别进行节能改造的节约建筑能耗量,得出三者对既有建筑节能改造的影响。选取兰州市既有居住建筑节能改造案例,运用计算机软件DeST-h模拟出分别采取屋面、外窗、外墙节能改造技术后的建筑物能耗量以及建筑逐时负荷,与模拟得出既有原始建筑能耗量对比,通过建筑逐时负荷峰值变化情况,得到外墙节能改造对建筑物能耗影响最大,外窗节能改造影响其次,屋面节能改造影响最小。(3)选取兰州市一既有居住建筑为例,计算了案例中围护结构节能改造增量成本及增量效益,分析节能改造方案的可行性。通过比较既有居住建筑原始能耗量与采取屋面、外窗、外墙三项节能改造技术后建筑能耗量,得到节能改造前、后能耗差值,量化出节能改造增量效益,同时计算出增量成本,节能改造初期增量成本460863元,节能改造后每年产生67753元增量效益。在考虑资金时间价值及其能源价格上涨率的情况下,计算得出7年可以回收增量成本。
[Abstract]:With the development of our economy, the relationship between energy and environment is becoming more and more close. Energy conservation is a necessary choice for me to build a resource-saving and environmental-friendly society. The number of existing residential buildings in China is large and the energy consumption is high. If energy saving measures are not taken, the high building energy consumption will greatly increase the economic burden of our country. Energy-saving reconstruction of existing residential buildings is the most direct way to reduce building energy consumption, that is, under the premise of not demolishing and rebuilding, the energy-saving reconstruction technology that is reasonable in economy and feasible in technology is selected to reduce building energy consumption. Although the technology of energy saving transformation has developed and matured, there are some misunderstandings about energy saving renovation work, that is, "energy saving does not save money", which makes the energy saving transformation in our country not give full play to its own value. Based on this, the paper analyzes the incremental cost and benefit composition of the energy-saving reconstruction of the existing residential building envelope structure by starting with the economic research on the energy-saving transformation of the existing residential building envelope structure, and the main research results are as follows: (1) the paper analyzes the incremental cost and the incremental benefit structure of the energy-saving transformation of the existing residential building envelope structure. And calculate it separately. The incremental cost of energy saving renovation of existing residential buildings mainly includes construction and installation costs, other construction costs and reserve costs. The incremental benefit mainly includes energy saving benefit and emission reduction benefit. Incremental costs are calculated according to cost theory and then sum. The incremental benefit is simulated by the computer software DeST-h, and the energy consumption of the building before and after the energy saving transformation is simulated, and the difference between the two is converted into the consumption of saved coal. The energy saving benefits and emission reduction benefits of the existing residential buildings in Lanzhou City are calculated, and the energy consumption of the existing residential buildings is simulated and calculated for the energy-saving reconstruction of the roof, outer windows and exterior walls of the existing residential buildings, respectively. The influence of the three factors on the energy saving reconstruction of the existing buildings is obtained. The energy consumption and hourly load of the existing residential buildings in Lanzhou City were simulated by using the computer software DeST-h after the energy-saving retrofit technology of roof, exterior window and exterior wall. Compared with the simulation, the energy consumption of the original building is compared. Through the peak value change of the hourly load of the building, it is concluded that the energy consumption of the building is most affected by the energy saving renovation of the exterior wall, the second is the energy saving renovation of the outer window. Taking the existing residential building in Lanzhou as an example, the incremental cost and benefit of the energy-saving renovation of the enclosure structure are calculated, and the feasibility of the energy-saving reconstruction scheme is analyzed. By comparing the original energy consumption of existing residential buildings with the building energy consumption after the adoption of three energy-saving retrofit technologies, roof, outer window and external wall, the difference in energy consumption before and after the energy saving transformation is obtained, and the incremental benefit of energy saving renovation is quantified, and the incremental cost is calculated at the same time. The initial incremental cost of energy saving retrofit is 460863 yuan, and 67753 yuan increment benefit is produced every year after energy saving renovation. Considering the time value of capital and the rate of increase in energy price, the incremental cost can be recovered for 7 years.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241

【参考文献】