地下室外墙后浇带防水施工技术的研究

发布时间：2018-06-03 05:43

本文选题：地下防水 + 地下室外墙　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市人口高密度化减少了人均地上使用空间,拥堵的交通系统又使得这种情况加剧。地下空间为人类提供了广阔的前景,不仅可以减轻地上交通压力30%～40%,还能提供更多的额外空间。目前,国内外对地下空间的开发和利用主要表现在地下交通运输系统、地下城市综合体和地下管网系统等方面。虽然地下空间前景可观,但其建造技术比地上建筑复杂,成本也较高,特别是地下室容易出现渗漏的现象,而地下建筑堵漏技术是防水界一直研讨的课题。虽然防水施工技术不断发展,已经从刚性防水,柔性防水发展到当前的刚柔并济防水,地下工程验收通过率也逐渐提高,但地下室渗漏水率也在不断提高,渗漏水很难根治,这种现象被称为"地下癌症"。地下建筑渗漏水主要有两个表象,即渗水和漏水。本文以已存在湿渍面上有无线流定义了渗水和漏水,分析了地下建筑水平施工缝、墙体表面不规则裂缝、穿墙管道和外墙后浇带等部位的渗漏原因和当前的治理措施。其中,前三项为渗水部位,治理相对简单;而外墙后浇带一侧处出现了长为12cm、宽为0.33mm的裂缝,根据表象定义为漏水部位,说明原防水施工方案失效,研究治理后浇带漏水的施工技术是本文的出发点。借鉴混凝土断裂力学中的张开型裂缝计算原理和通过ANSYS有限元数值模拟,本文分别计算出最大裂缝宽度和应力强度因子,再将两者的理论计算数据与ANSYS计算结果进行对比分析,来达到突出数值模拟的简捷。通过数值模拟云图,从二维平面和三维空间分析裂缝尖端、裂缝周边的应力应变变化,找出了裂缝产生的具体原因,从而制订了行之有效的防水施工技术方案,即本文提出的原始方案,将此原始方案应用于工程中,取得了较好的防水效果。在实践过程中,通过对原始方案进一步优化,从改善裂缝受力的方式出发,提出了适用于地下一层混凝土浇筑前的外墙后浇带防水的第一优化方案,此方案在工程应用中取得了良好的效果。但第一优化方案并没有考虑延长深水路径降低水流势能,于是,在此基础上提出了第二优化方案,此方案具有较强的灵活性,不同地区采用不同种类、级别的防水材料在达到防水效果的同时,也可减少成本。第一优化方案适用于地下水丰富和地下一层、一层的外墙后浇带防水中,经实践检验,其防水效果甚好。以上三种方案的防水效果皆能达到我国防水施工规范的要求,这是本文的研究成果,也是本文的结论。另外,在以上三种方案的实际应用和推广中,又提出了拱形方案的设想,即把外墙后浇带处部分墙体起拱,充分利用混凝土抗压强度使得新旧结合面处具有互融性质的防水材料粘结得更加紧密。
[Abstract]:Urban density reduces per capita land use, exacerbated by congested transport systems. Underground space provides a broad prospect for mankind, not only to reduce the pressure of traffic on the ground 3040, but also to provide more additional space. At present, the development and utilization of underground space at home and abroad are mainly reflected in underground transportation system, underground urban complex and underground pipe network system. Although the prospect of underground space is considerable, its construction technology is more complicated than that of above ground building, and its cost is higher. Especially, the leakage phenomenon of basement is easy to appear, and the leakage plugging technology of underground building is always a subject of discussion in waterproofing field. Although waterproofing construction technology has been continuously developed, from rigid waterproofing and flexible waterproofing to the current combination of rigid and flexible waterproofing, and the passing rate of acceptance of underground projects is also gradually increasing, the leakage rate of basements is also increasing, and leakage is very difficult to cure once and for all. This phenomenon is called underground cancer. There are two main seepage phenomena in underground buildings, namely, seepage and leakage. In this paper, water seepage and leakage are defined on the basis of the existence of wireless flow on wet surface, and the leakage causes of horizontal construction joints of underground buildings, irregular cracks on wall surface, leakage of pipe through wall and post-pouring zone of external wall, etc., and the current treatment measures are analyzed. Among them, the first three are seepage sites, and the treatment is relatively simple, while a crack of 12 cm long and wide 0.33mm appears at one side of the external wall post-pouring zone, which is defined as the leaking part according to the appearance, which shows that the original waterproof construction scheme is invalid. It is the starting point of this paper to study the construction technology of controlling the leakage of the post-pouring zone. Based on the calculation principle of open crack in fracture mechanics of concrete and the numerical simulation of ANSYS finite element method, the maximum crack width and stress intensity factor are calculated in this paper, and the theoretical calculation data are compared with the results of ANSYS calculation. To give prominence to the simplicity of numerical simulation. Through the numerical simulation cloud diagram, the stress and strain changes around the crack tip and crack are analyzed from two-dimensional plane and three dimensional space, and the concrete causes of the crack are found out, and the effective waterproof construction technical scheme is worked out. The original scheme proposed in this paper has been applied to the project and good waterproof effect has been obtained. In the process of practice, through the further optimization of the original scheme and the way to improve the crack force, the first optimization scheme is put forward, which is suitable for the waterproof of the outer wall post-pouring belt before the first layer of underground concrete is poured. The scheme has achieved good results in engineering application. However, the first optimization scheme does not consider extending the deep water path to reduce the potential energy of the flow. Therefore, a second optimization scheme is proposed on the basis of which the scheme has strong flexibility, and different types are adopted in different regions. Grade of waterproof material in achieving waterproof effect, but also reduce the cost. The first optimization scheme is suitable for the waterproofing of the outer wall with the first layer of underground water and the first layer of underground water. It is proved by practice that its waterproof effect is very good. The waterproofing effect of the above three schemes can meet the requirements of our country's waterproof construction code, which is the research result of this paper and the conclusion of this paper. In addition, in the practical application and popularization of the above three schemes, the idea of arched scheme is also put forward, that is, to arch part of the wall at the post pouring zone of the external wall. Making full use of the compressive strength of concrete, the waterproof material with the property of mutual melting at the new and old joints is bonded more closely.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU94;TU761.11

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