拱形结构注浆控制采空区地表沉陷的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 15:10

本文选题：采空区 + 地表沉陷　；参考：《中国地质大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：采空区地表沉陷问题是岩土工程中的一个热点问题,它牵涉到交通工程、市政工程、矿业工程、建筑工程、土地资源整治等诸多领域。近年来,随着我国“一带一路”政策的不断深化实施,高铁、高速公路、城市建设以及土地整治等工程建设规模不断扩大,资金投入也不断增加。采空区地表沉陷问题是这些工程建设中不容忽视的一大障碍。河南省焦作市曾经是一个煤炭之都,几十年来的地下开采导致该地区煤矿采空区众多,常规治理工程费用极大,长期困扰着城市建设与经济发展。针对该地区的地层地质特点,提出合理、可行、经济、易施的采空区治理方法是有效解决这一矿山地质环境问题的重要研究课题。本文以焦作市演马庄矿亮马村采空区为研究对象,结合该采空区地表厚松散层的地层地质特点,提出了拱形结构注浆控制地表沉陷的新型注浆方法。通过野外调查和资料搜集分析研究区地表破坏的特征,基于关键层理论研究亮马村采空区地表沉陷机理。利用数学力学分析法研究拱形结构注浆的基本力学原理,提出拱形结构内力、变形计算及拱脚截面设计方法。基于正交试验方法设计拱形结构和注浆材料参数,用数值模拟试验优化参数组合。基于均匀设计试验研究新型注浆材料配合比设计。最终得出研究区地表沉陷的拱形结构注浆方案和土地整理措施。论文的主要研究内容和成果如下:1.通过资料搜集和野外调查阐明了焦作市演马庄矿亮马村采空区的地质背景条件和采空区地表变形特征及影响因素。研究区内的6个塌陷盆地的最大下沉值、最大倾斜值和最大水平变形值都较大,最大下沉系数q2=1.38,最小下沉系数q1=0.92,该采空区下沉系数较大,接近1甚至大于1。地表沉陷影响因素主要受采矿因素和地质条件影响;研究区地表为厚松散层,塌陷盆地多为平缓型。2.基于关键层理论对该采空区进行了关键层判断,找出了一个主关键层和两个亚关键层;并基于关键层理论的地表移动计算公式对所调查的6个塌陷盆地进行拟合,拟合出的塌陷盆地形态与现场调查的塌陷坑地表情况较为符合,呈现出塌陷影响范围广、地表较为平缓的特征。3.利用离散元软件对松散层厚度影响地表移动的影响进行了研究;结果表明:松散层厚度对地表移动影响较大,主要表现在松散层越厚地表沉陷盆地范围越大;随着松散层厚度的增加,地表下沉最大值先增大再减小,再增大后减小,在松散层厚度为90m时最大下沉值最大;水平移动最大值随松散层厚度的增加,呈增大趋势并趋于定值。4.利用数学力学方法及结构力学、拱桥设计理论等知识建立了均布荷载和梯形土压力荷载作用下合理拱轴线方程。考虑采空区顶板岩层破坏后导致的上覆岩土层移动变形,对支座移动作用下拱内力计算进行了理论分析,包括内力变化引起的拱体位移,研究得出拱轴力、拱脚相对水平移动引起的内力、拱脚相对垂直移动引起的内力和拱脚相对转角引起的各截面的内力,拱轴线与压力线相近时,拱顶竖向变形。按照极限承载力设计原理,引入安全系数,提出拱脚在水平推力作用下发生剪切破坏的截面设计方法。5.利用正交试验设计方法分别安排了拱形结构参数和注浆结石体材料参数,通过离散元数值计算,得出适用于该采空区的拱形结构形状参数的最优组合和注浆结石体材料参数的最优组合的数值计算结果。并用亮马村采空区的数值模型对最优参数进行地表沉陷减沉效果数值验证,结果认为这上述最优参数组合下减沉效果最好,减沉率可达到99.28%。6.利用均匀设计试验方法制定了配合比设计试验方案,通过对配制的注浆材料进行粘度、固结率、干密度、抗压强度和抗拉强度测试,得出各组试件的相关物理力学参数。利用MATLAB软件分别计算出各粘度、干密度、固结率、抗压强度、抗拉强度、粘聚力与配合比参数之间的函数关系式,结合多目标函数优化方法得出了适合拱形结构注浆的最佳材料配合比设计方案w_g=0.4598,c_g=0.4183和s_c=0.3137%。
[Abstract]:Goaf subsidence is a hot issue in geotechnical engineering. It involves traffic engineering, municipal engineering, mining engineering, construction engineering, land remediation and other areas. In recent years, with China's "The Belt and Road" policy implementation of the deepening, high-speed rail, highway, city construction and land remediation project construction The surface subsidence of the goaf is a major obstacle which can not be ignored in the construction of these projects. The Jiaozuo city of Henan province has been a coal capital. The underground mining in the past few decades has led to a large number of mined areas in this area, and the cost of conventional treatment engineering is great, and the construction and construction of the city have been perplexed for a long time. Economic development. In view of the stratigraphic and geological characteristics of the region, it is an important research subject to effectively solve the geological environment problem in this mine, which is an important research subject to effectively solve the geological environment problem in this mine. This paper takes the bright Macun mined area of the Jiaozuo minzhuang mine as the research object, and combines the stratigraphic geological characteristics of the ground surface thick loose layer in the goaf. A new grouting method was developed to control surface subsidence in arch structure grouting. Through field investigation and data collection, the characteristics of surface damage in the study area were analyzed. Based on the theory of key layer, the surface subsidence mechanism of Macun goaf was studied. The basic mechanics principle of arched structure grouting was studied by mathematical mechanics analysis method, and the internal force of arch structure was proposed and changed. Shape calculation and design method of arch foot section. Based on orthogonal test method, the parameters of arch structure and grouting material are designed. Numerical simulation test is used to optimize the combination of parameters. Based on uniform design test, the mix ratio design of new type grouting material is studied. Finally, the arch structure grouting scheme and land consolidation measures of surface subsidence in the study area are obtained. The contents and results are as follows: 1. through the data collection and field investigation, the geological background conditions and the surface deformation characteristics and the influencing factors of the goaf in the Macun minzhuang mine of Jiaozuo city are clarified. The maximum subsidence value of the 6 subsidence basins in the study area, the maximum tilting value and the maximum horizontal deformation value are both large, the maximum subsidence coefficient Q 2=1.38, the minimum sinking coefficient q1=0.92, the subsidence coefficient of the goaf is larger, the influence factors near 1 or more than 1. are mainly influenced by mining factors and geological conditions; the surface of the study area is thick loose layer, and the subsidence basin is mostly gentle type.2. based on the key layer theory to judge the key layer of the goaf, and find a key key. The surface movement calculation formula based on the key layer theory is fitted to the 6 subsidence basins based on the key layer theory. The shape of the collapsed basin accords with the surface condition of the collapse pit which is investigated in the field, and shows that the subsidence of the subsidence is wide and the surface of the surface is relatively gentle,.3., using the discrete element software to the thickness of the loose layer. The results show that the thickness of the loose layer has a great influence on the surface movement, which is mainly manifested in the thicker the surface subsidence basin in the loose layer, and with the increase of the thickness of the loose layer, the maximum value of the surface subsidence first increases and then decreases, then decreases, and the maximum subsidence value is most when the thickness of the loose layer is 90m. The maximum value of horizontal movement increases with the increase of the thickness of the loose layer and tends to increase and tends to the fixed value.4.. The rational arch axis equation is established by means of mathematical mechanics method and structural mechanics, arch bridge design theory and so on. The movement of overlying strata caused by the failure of the top slate in the goaf is changed. A theoretical analysis is made of the internal force calculation of the arch under the action of the support movement, including the displacement of the arch caused by the internal force change, and the internal force caused by the arch axis force, the relative horizontal movement of the arch foot, the internal force caused by the relative vertical movement of the arch foot and the relative rotation angle of the arch foot, and the vertical direction of the vault when the arch axis is close to the pressure line. According to the design principle of ultimate bearing capacity and introducing the safety factor, the section design method for the shear failure of the arch foot under horizontal thrust is put forward,.5., the arch structure parameters and the material parameters of the grouting stone are arranged by the orthogonal experimental design method, and the arch junction suitable for the goaf is obtained through the numerical calculation of the discrete element. The optimal combination of the configuration parameters and the optimum combination of the material parameters of the grouting stone body is calculated. The numerical model of the surface subsidence and subsidence is verified by the numerical model of the bright Macun goaf. The results show that the settlement reduction effect is the best under the combination of the above optimal parameters, and the sedimentation rate can be reached to 99.28%.6. using uniform setting. According to the test method, a mix proportion design test scheme is made. By testing the viscosity, consolidation rate, dry density, compressive strength and tensile strength of the prepared grouting material, the related physical and mechanical parameters of the specimens are obtained. The viscosity, dry density, consolidation rate, compressive strength, tensile strength, cohesive strength and matching are calculated by MATLAB software. In combination with the function relation between the ratio parameters, the optimum material mix design scheme, w_g=0.4598, c_g=0.4183 and s_c=0.3137%., suitable for the arched structure grouting is obtained by combining the multi-objective function optimization method.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU478;TU753

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