昆明市主城区滨水空间景观格局演变研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 21:13

本文选题：滨水空间 + 景观格局　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：昆明是高原湖滨城市之一,生态脆弱且敏感,近年,随着城市建设和土地开发,水体污染,景观破碎等生态问题尤为突出。掌握昆明市滨水空间景观格局的演变规律是合理进行城市滨水空间生态修复和城市可持续发展的前提。论文分为三个部分:(1)景观格局现状研究,基于2015、2016年融合高分一号卫星影像和2016年Google Earth影像,采用土地利用图谱、景观指数分析、景观图示分析与野外调查的方法,从三个空间尺度对滨水空间的现状景观类型、结构和驳岸形式进行了分析,结果表明:宏观层面,城镇用地景观分布较为集中,其他绿地呈线状排列,斑块数量和密度远远高于其他景观类型,破碎程度较高;中观层面,样点中人工斑块占比为77.711%,景观结构较规则,湖泊景观人工化最为严重;景观连通性由高到底依次为:线状滨水空间、面状滨水空间、点状滨水空间;微观层面,样点中自然驳岸占比为12.069%,滨水空间景观的原生性差,过渡生态系统几乎消失。(2)景观格局演变规律研究,基于1996-2015年的LandsatTM(LOI)卫星影像和2006、2016年Google Earth影像,采用土地利用转移图谱、转移矩阵、景观指数分析、景观图示的研究方法,从宏观和中观两个空间尺度对昆明市主城区滨水空间的景观变化、土地转移特征、景观格局演变特征、节点变化和景观结构变化进行分析,研究发现:宏观层面,19年间,①景观格局处于动态变化过程,滨水空间的景观基质类型向城镇建设用地转移;②景观由均匀结构向具有优势景观结构发展;③2007年的景观异质性最强,是林地景观变化的转折点;④裸地逐步向林地景观转移,表明滇池流域的保护政策具有一定成效。中观层面,10年间,①点状水体斑块不断减少,斑块总数持续增加,景观破碎度增加;②各类滨水空间的景观结构变化各具特点,人工景观节点和连线均有所上升,景观透水性下降。(3)景观格局演变原因分析与优化建议,在线性回归模型的基础上对景观格局演变进行了定性与定量的分析,结果表明:①人为因素是昆明市滨水空间景观格局演变的主要原因;②各类景观斑块的变化受政策和城市规划影响最为显著;在景观格局优化方面:建议采用宏观“斑块整合、结构调整的内外圈发展”策略、中观景观结构生态规划和微观植被缓冲带建设与驳岸更新及分区“开放—封闭”的管理模式,对昆明市主城区滨水空间的景观格局进行优化。
[Abstract]:Kunming is one of the highland lakeshore cities, ecological fragile and sensitive, in recent years, with urban construction and land development, water pollution, landscape fragmentation and other ecological problems are particularly prominent. It is the premise of reasonable ecological restoration of urban waterfront space and sustainable development to master the evolution law of landscape pattern of waterfront space in Kunming. The paper is divided into three parts: 1) the present situation of landscape pattern. Based on the fusion of satellite images of Gao Fen No. 1 in 2015 and 2016 and Google Earth in 2016, the paper adopts the methods of land use map, landscape index analysis, landscape mapping analysis and field investigation. The present landscape types, structure and barge forms of waterfront space are analyzed from three spatial scales. The results show that the distribution of urban land landscape is concentrated, and other green spaces are arranged linearly. The number and density of patches were much higher than other landscape types, and the degree of fragmentation was higher. In the meso level, the proportion of artificial patches in the samples was 77.711, the landscape structure was more regular, and the artificial landscape of lakes was the most serious. The order of landscape connectivity from high to bottom is: linear waterfront space, surface waterfront space, point waterfront space, microscopic level, the proportion of natural barge in the sample point is 12.0699.The original nature of waterfront space landscape is poor. Based on Landsat TMLOI satellite images from 1996 to 2015 and Google Earth images from 2006 to 2016, land use transfer maps, transfer matrices, landscape index analysis and landscape mapping are used. This paper analyzes the landscape changes, land transfer characteristics, landscape pattern evolution characteristics, node changes and landscape structure changes of the main urban waterfront space of Kunming City from the macro and meso spatial scales. (1) the landscape pattern is in the process of dynamic change, and the landscape matrix type of waterfront space is transferred to the urban construction land from uniform structure to dominant landscape structure, 3The landscape heterogeneity is the strongest in 2007. It is the turning point of woodland landscape change that bare land is gradually transferred to woodland landscape, which indicates that the protection policy of Dianchi Lake Basin has certain effect. In the past 10 years, the patch of water body in the middle level has been decreasing, the total number of patches has been increasing, the degree of landscape fragmentation has increased and the landscape structure of all kinds of waterfront space has its own characteristics, and the nodes and connections of artificial landscape have increased. Based on the linear regression model, the evolution of landscape pattern was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that the main reason for the evolution of landscape pattern of waterfront landscape in Kunming is the human factor of 1: 1. The changes of various landscape patches are most significantly affected by policies and urban planning, and in the aspect of landscape pattern optimization, it is suggested to adopt macro-patch integration. The development strategy of inner and outer circle of structural adjustment, the management mode of ecological planning of mesoscopic landscape structure, the construction of microcosmic vegetation buffer zone and the renewal of barge and the opening and closing of the subzone are used to optimize the landscape pattern of waterfront space in the main urban area of Kunming.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU984.18

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