高密度社区绿量分布及其热环境影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 06:57

本文选题：绿量分布 + 曙光花园社区　；参考：《北方工业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,城市高密度发展推进了热岛效应的产生,也导致社区绿化空间不足,而植被作为城市生态建设中的主体,对于调节气温,缓解热岛效应有着极其重要的作用。当前建立在传统二维层面的绿化量并不能真实反映植被类别及群落分层结构情况所产生的生态效益。本文则以绿量为切入点,主要工作及研究结论如下:首先,通过遥感数据和ENVI平台,研究了北京市海淀区绿量空间分布情况,并在海淀区社区调查的基础上,对比了环境条件相似,建筑布局、绿化布局形式不同的7个高密度社区,最终确定曙光花园社区为进一步植被调查及热环境实测工作的样本社区。其次,基于实地调查和GIS平台,分析了曙光花园社区用地功能、空间组织形式、绿量、单位面积的绿量、植被搭配方式的空间分布情况。再次,通过大量实测温湿度数据,并运用GIS的空间插值分析,研究曙光花园社区夏季不同时刻的温度和相对湿度的空间分布特征。最后,从用地功能、单位面积的绿量以及植被搭配方式三个层面分别研究了绿量分布差异对热环境的影响规律。研究发现:绿地热环境会随着用地功能的不同呈现出不同的温湿度差异,曙光花园社区绿地温度表现为:防护绿地商务绿地公园绿地居住用地,相对湿度与之相反;在居住用地中,围合式住宅空间绿地的降温和增湿效果比分散式空间绿地较好;运用Origin函数软件,发现宅间绿地因分散且受建筑阴影影响,其降温增湿效果与单位面积的绿量无相关性;中心绿地的单位面积绿量大于1m3/1m2时,与降温能力显著相关,当单位面积的绿量超过5m3/m2后,降温能力趋于平缓;增湿效果与单位面积的绿量相关性不大,而与绿地所处的环境、位置有关;对比相同区域,相同单位面积绿量区间的乔木型、乔灌草、乔草、乔灌型绿地的降温增湿效果,发现乔灌型降温增湿效果较明显,且晚间降温最快;对于不同绿量比例的绿地,乔木的绿量对降温效果影响程度较明显,对增湿效果无明显影响。本次研究也进一步证实了建筑空间组织形式及建筑阴影直接影响着绿地的温度场格局;社区内采用围合式集中布局,且形成连续的规模化斑块的中心绿地具有良好的降温增湿能力。
[Abstract]:In recent years, urban high-density development has promoted the generation of heat island effect, which also leads to the lack of community greening space. As the main body of urban ecological construction, vegetation plays an extremely important role in regulating temperature and alleviating heat island effect. At present, the amount of greening established on the traditional two-dimensional level can not truly reflect the ecological benefits of vegetation types and community stratified structure. The main work and conclusions are as follows: first, through remote sensing data and ENVI platform, the spatial distribution of green quantity in Haidian District of Beijing is studied, and based on the community survey in Haidian District, the paper studies the spatial distribution of green quantity in Haidian District. Seven high-density communities with similar environmental conditions, architectural layout and greening layout were compared, and the dawning garden community was determined as the sample community for further vegetation investigation and thermal environment measurement. Secondly, based on field investigation and GIS platform, the spatial distribution of community land use function, spatial organization form, green quantity, green quantity per unit area and vegetation collocation were analyzed. Thirdly, the spatial distribution characteristics of temperature and relative humidity at different times in summer in the community of Shuguang Garden are studied by using a large number of measured temperature and humidity data and spatial interpolation analysis of GIS. Finally, the effects of green quantity distribution on thermal environment were studied from three aspects: land use function, green quantity per unit area and vegetation collocation. The results show that: the thermal environment of green space will show different temperature and humidity with the function of land use. The temperature of community green space in dawning garden is as follows: the green land of commercial green space park is protected, the relative humidity is opposite to it; In the residential land, the cooling and humidifying effect of the enclosed residential space green space is better than that of the decentralized space green space, and by using Origin function software, it is found that the green space between the houses is influenced by the building shadow because of the dispersion. The effect of cooling and humidifying has no correlation with the green quantity per unit area. When the green amount per unit area of central green space is larger than 1m3/1m2, it has a significant correlation with the cooling capacity. When the green amount per unit area exceeds 5m3/m2, the cooling capacity tends to be flat. The effect of humidification is not related to the green quantity per unit area, but to the environment and position of the greenbelt, compared with the cooling and humidifying effect of the same area, the tree type, the tree irrigation grass type and the tree irrigated type green space in the same area. The results showed that the cooling and humidifying effect of Arbor irrigation type was obvious, and the cooling rate was the fastest in the evening, and for the greenbelt with different green ratio, the effect of tree green quantity on the cooling effect was more obvious, but not on the humidification effect. This study further confirmed that the structure of the building space and the shadow of the building directly affect the temperature field pattern of the green space, and the enclosed centralized layout is adopted in the community. And the center green space which forms continuous large-scale patch has good ability of cooling and humidifying.
【学位授予单位】：北方工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU985.125;TU111

【参考文献】