淮南市龙湖路地下商业街人员疏散的数值模拟研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 06:51

  本文选题：地下建筑 + 火灾　； 参考：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的不断发展,城市地面交通变得越来越拥堵,因此各种地下建筑应运而生。而地下商业街经营种类繁多、易燃商品多、建筑布局和结构复杂、安全出口标识不易发现、烟气浓度大、温度高、能见度低、扑救和救援工作难以开展,因而具有更大的危险性。并且商业街大多处于城市最繁华的地段,人流量巨大且集中,一旦发生火灾,后果往往是群死群伤、损失惨重。因此,研究地下商业街的火灾和人员疏散是非常有必要的。本文首先分析了淮南市龙湖路地下商业街可能存在的安全隐患和起火原因,总结出地下商业街的火灾特点;通过实地考察,等比例画出店铺分布示意图,并确定六个测点;通过分析和整理,得出火灾达到危险状态的判定依据;对龙湖路地下商业街进行实地考察统计,得到各个测点不同时间段的人流量和总人数;建立商业街的火灾模型和疏散模拟模型;对模拟结果进行合并、统计、整理和分析,对人员疏散提出建议。研究结果表明:第一,无喷淋时,烟气层高度、烟气温度、CO浓度到达临界危险值的时间分别为200s、120s、150s(ASET取120s),开启喷淋装置之后这个时间为200s、+∞、270s(ASET取200s)。人员疏散模拟得到的RSET为200s。因此,安装喷淋装置可以满足人员的安全疏散需求。第二,本文的模拟结果显示,尤其是火灾发展的初期阶段,人员疏散速度要远大于烟气蔓延的速度。因此,人员逃生时应该背朝火源的方向,选择在离火源较远的出口处逃生,可以大大提高逃生成功的概率。第三,自动喷淋系统在火灾发生时是非常重要的,不但能够显著降低现场温度,还能够保证距离火源较远位置的人员疏散安全,给人员的安全逃生和消防人员的扑救和救援工作争取宝贵的时间。本文研究的内容和结果可以推广到其他类似的地下建筑中去,可以为地下建筑的火灾危险性评估和人员安全疏散提供参考性依据,具有一定的实际意义和参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, urban surface traffic becomes more and more congested, so various underground buildings emerge as the times require. On the other hand, underground commercial streets have a wide variety of business types, many flammable commodities, complex building layout and structure, difficult to find safety exit signs, high smoke concentration, high temperature, low visibility, and difficult to carry out rescue and rescue work. Therefore, it is more dangerous. And most of the commercial streets are located in the most prosperous part of the city, the flow of people is huge and concentrated, once a fire occurs, the consequences are often mass death and injury, and the losses are heavy. Therefore, it is necessary to study the fire and evacuation of underground commercial street. This paper first analyzes the potential safety hidden danger and fire cause of underground commercial street of Longhu Road in Huainan City, summarizes the fire characteristics of underground commercial street, draws the shop distribution map in equal proportion through field investigation, and determines six measuring points. Through the analysis and arrangement, the judgment basis of the dangerous state of fire is obtained, and the field investigation and statistics of underground commercial street of Longhu Road are carried out, and the flow of people and the total number of people in different time periods of each measuring point are obtained. The fire model and evacuation simulation model of commercial street are established, and the results of simulation are combined, counted, sorted and analyzed, and some suggestions for evacuation are put forward. The results show that: first, when there is no spray, the time of the height of flue gas layer and the concentration of CO at flue gas temperature and temperature reach the critical danger value are 200sm ~ 120s ~ 150s (ASET = 120s), and the time is 200s, 鈭，

本文编号：2051987