环境与民居选择——以陕西窑居为例

发布时间：2018-07-09 23:12

本文选题：环境 + 窑居　；参考：《干旱区资源与环境》2017年01期

【摘要】：陕西秦岭以北盛行窑居生活方式,运用文化生态学方法对陕西窑居进行分析,旨在探讨其与环境之间的关系。不同的环境塑造了靠崖窑、地坑窑、锢窑等不同的窑居类型。地形地貌限制了窑居的选址、提供了建筑材料。主窑的朝向以朝南、朝东为佳,为扩大采光面积,陕北多安满堂门窗,关中多门窗分设,采光面积较小,这为气候条件的反映。靠崖窑主要分布于黄土丘陵沟壑地带、黄土塬边及冲沟地带,其南界起于秦岭北麓,北界止于长城沿线;地坑窑分布于渭北黄土台塬的塬面;锢窑需要有一定面积的平地,主要随建筑材料分布,多见于陕北长城内外风沙地貌区、河谷阶地地貌区、石质地貌区。窑居的生产生活设施、建筑质量为经济环境的反映;窑居的选址与营造、平面布局与空间处理皆受制于区域社会文化环境。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the relationship between kiln dwelling and environment, this paper analyzes the living style of kiln dwelling in the north of Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province by using the method of cultural ecology. Different environments have shaped different types of kilns, such as cliff kilns, pit kilns, and immolation kilns. The topography limits the location of the kiln and provides building materials. The orientation of the main kiln is towards south and east. In order to expand the lighting area, the windows and doors in North Shaanxi are divided into more and more windows and doors, and the lighting area is smaller, which is a reflection of the climatic conditions. Ya-yao mainly distributes in the loess hilly and gully zone, the loess plateau edge and gully zone, its southern boundary starts at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains, and the northern boundary ends along the Great Wall; the Dikeng kiln distributes on the plateau surface of Weibei loess tableland; the detention kiln needs a certain area of flat land, The distribution of building materials mainly occurs in the wind-sand geomorphological areas, valley terraces and stony landforms in the Great Wall, northern Shaanxi Province. The construction quality is the reflection of the economic environment, and the location and construction of the kiln residence, the plane layout and the space treatment are all restricted by the regional social and cultural environment.
【作者单位】：陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院;
【基金】：十二五国家科技支撑计划(2013BAJ10B08)资助
【分类号】：TU241.5

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