刻槽药柱爆生裂纹扩展试验研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 07:50

本文选题：定向断裂爆破 + 刻槽药柱　；参考：《安徽理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代工程当中,岩石爆破技术已经被应用的越来越广泛。但是传统的爆破方法不容易控制,效率低下,安全性也不足。而定向爆破能够精确的控制爆破后裂纹缝隙的产生、延伸、拓展方向和岩石断裂面的形成。为了研究不同装药结构形式刻槽药柱的定向爆破断裂能力,设计了竖向单缝刻槽药柱、横向刻槽药柱以及竖向双缝刻槽药柱三种形式药柱,开展三种药柱的砂浆爆破模型试验研究。通过对三种不同形式的刻槽药柱爆炸后的模型进行取芯、切片处理,得到不同位置处的切片试件上的裂纹分布形式,根据模型迎爆侧和背爆侧的裂纹几何特征的不同,分析出对岩石定向断裂爆破最有效果的一种刻槽形式。同时,在模型体内预埋电阻应变片,对爆破过程模型体内爆炸应力波进行测试,根据不同位置的应变片测得应力波值的大小,进一步分析了定向断裂爆破作用机理。在三种不同的装药结构刻槽药柱中,竖向单缝刻槽药柱在三种刻槽药柱中在对模型定向断裂的效果最佳。除去炮孔偏上部分的爆破冲孔作用,在竖向刻槽药柱的模型试验中,试件上的裂纹形成很明显的规律,迎爆侧的裂纹要比背爆侧的裂纹更加明显,长度也有所增加。形成的裂纹也比较集中,在各个方向形成的都是单个集中裂纹。横向刻槽药柱所形成的裂纹效果在定向爆破上要差了很多,不仅形成裂纹的模型区域要小很多,在裂纹的分布上也不集中,迎爆侧没有任何优势可言,不适合应用于定向的断裂爆破。对于竖向双缝刻槽药柱,模型中几乎不存在可观测的裂纹痕迹,效果不明显。竖向单缝刻槽药柱模型迎爆侧的应变片数值要大于同一高度的背爆侧的应变片数值。迎爆侧的三个应变片,二号中间位置的数值最大,上部数值最小。将所测得的应变片数值大小与试验中的切片裂纹分布进行对照分析,进一步验证了竖向单缝刻槽药柱在岩石的定向断裂爆破中的优越性。
[Abstract]:In modern engineering, rock blasting technology has been applied more and more widely. But the traditional blasting method is not easy to control, low efficiency and insufficient safety. Directional blasting can accurately control the generation, extension and extension of cracks after blasting and the formation of rock fracture surface. In order to study the fracture ability of trenched charge column with different charge structure, three types of charge columns, vertical single slot charge column, transverse slot charge column and vertical double slot charge column, were designed. The model test of three kinds of mortar blasting was carried out. By coring and slicing the models of three different types of notched charge columns after explosion, the distribution of cracks on the specimens at different positions is obtained. According to the different geometric characteristics of cracks in the exploding side and the back side of the model, It is analyzed that one of the most effective grooves for directional fracture blasting of rock. At the same time, the explosive stress wave in the blasting process model was tested by embedding the resistive strain gauge in the model. According to the magnitude of the stress wave measured by the strain gauge at different positions, the mechanism of directional fracture blasting was further analyzed. Among the three different charge structures, the vertical single slot charge column has the best effect on the model oriented fracture in the three grooved charge columns. Except for the blasting punching effect of the upper part of the hole, in the model test of the vertical notched charge column, the crack formation on the specimen is very obvious, the crack on the side of the face explosion is more obvious than the crack on the back side of the blasting, and the length of the crack is also increased. The cracks formed are also concentrated, and the single concentrated cracks are formed in all directions. The effect of the crack formed by the transverse notched charge column is much worse than that of the directional blasting. Not only the model area where the crack is formed is much smaller, but also the distribution of the crack is not concentrated. It is not suitable for directional fracture blasting. For vertical double-slit grooves, there is almost no visible crack trace in the model, and the effect is not obvious. The strain gauge value of the vertical single slot charge column model is larger than that of the back side of the same height. Of the three strain gauges on the flameside, the value of the middle position of No. 2 is the largest and the value of the upper part is the smallest. The numerical value of the strain gauge measured is compared with the crack distribution of the slice in the experiment, and the superiority of the vertical single slot explosive column in the directional fracture blasting of rock is further verified.
【学位授予单位】：安徽理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU746.5

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