民族文化影响下青海循化撒拉族乡村聚落空间形态研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 20:58

【摘要】：撒拉族乡村聚落做为撒拉族民族文化发展的物质载体,其乡村聚落空间形态反映了该民族的宗教空间观、族民活动秩序以及撒拉族社会层级秩序,体现出该民族长期在民族文化影响下以宗教空间为核心的居住形态特征。近年来,在新型城镇化建设过程中,随着经济快速发展、人民生活水平提高,撒拉族传统聚落空间无法承载现代生活模式,乡村聚落形态正在发生变化,居住社会秩序逐渐消失,撒拉族乡村聚落如何健康发展亟待解决。探索该地区民族文化与聚落空间形态内在秩序联系对于该地区乡村聚落保护与发展具有重要的研究意义。本论文通过总结乡村聚落研究与撒拉族研究的理论成果,综合运用建筑学、民族学、经济学和社会学等学科的相关知识,选取全国唯一的撒拉族自治县即撒拉族聚居地循化县的乡村聚落做为主要研究对象,剖析青海撒拉族乡村聚落空间形态与民族文化的内在联系,积极探索空间形态保护与发展的可行性策略,为建设具有民族特色的撒拉族聚落空间规划提供理论依据。同时通过运用文献查阅法、田野调查法、深度访谈法、归纳演绎法等方法完善本论文的研究。本论文以青海循化县撒拉族乡村聚落为研究对象,以民族文化视角为切入点,首先,通过对撒拉族民族以及村落的起源与发展的叙述,分析出撒拉族乡村聚落中民族文化的形态特征。其次,对撒拉族乡村聚落空间聚落空间格局成因、空间演变规律、空间构成要素进行分析,总结其空间形态特征,构成了研究的基础。然后,明确民族文化对聚落空间影响主要体现在空间层级以及宗教、祭祀、街巷空间和院落空间等方面,将撒拉族乡村聚落空间形态分为四类:棋盘形、扇形、网格形和复合型,探析四种类型聚落在民族文化影响下的空间形态特征。进而,多学科交融深入剖析民族文化与聚落空间形态特征发展的内在联系,比较其与其他少数民族聚落空间形态的差异性。最后,结合撒拉族民族文化传承,积极探索以传承民族文化为目的的撒拉族乡村聚落的保护与发展模式。以期为撒拉族乡村聚落的保护与发展提供可资借鉴的理论思路。通过对上述研究得出本文结论如下:一、撒拉族聚落空间形态特征具有以下特点:1)宗教中心,围寺而居;2)墓地洁净,与教相近;3)聚族而居,上下相接;5)圆形结构,层级分明。二、围寺而居的圆形空间结构民族文化影响乡村聚落结构空间形态的最终体现,由宗教中心与撒拉族独特的地缘组织“阿格乃—孔木散”所形成,具有强有力的社会控制力,具有传承的价值。三、聚落空间形态保护与发展的途径有:1)更新扩大传统村落宗教仪式空间;2)存旧续新日常场所空间;3)修缮利用建筑象征空间;4)紧抓民族文化内涵,形成文化产业链,从而进行产业更新,实现基于民族文化传承的发展。
[Abstract]:As the material carrier of the development of the Sala nationality culture, the rural settlement of the Sala nationality reflects the religious space view, the order of the ethnic activities and the social order of the Sala nationality, and the spatial form of the village settlement reflects the religious space view of the nationality, the order of the ethnic activities and the social order of the Sala nationality. It reflects the residential characteristics of this nation with religious space as its core under the influence of national culture for a long time. In recent years, in the process of new urbanization construction, with the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the traditional settlement space of Sala can not bear the modern life mode, and the form of rural settlement is changing. With the gradual disappearance of the social order, the healthy development of the Salar rural settlements needs to be solved. It is of great significance for the protection and development of rural settlements to explore the internal order relationship between ethnic culture and settlement spatial form in this area. This paper summarizes the theoretical results of rural settlement research and Salar nationality research, and synthetically applies the relevant knowledge of architecture, ethnology, economics and sociology, etc. Taking the village settlement of Xunhua County, the only Sala autonomous county in China, as the main research object, this paper analyzes the internal relationship between the spatial form of the Sala village settlement and the national culture in Qinghai Province. To explore the feasible strategy of space form protection and development, to provide the theoretical basis for the construction of Salar settlement space planning with national characteristics. At the same time, the research of this paper is improved by the methods of literature reference, field investigation, depth interview and inductive deduction. This paper takes the Sala village settlement in Xunhua County, Qinghai Province as the research object, takes the national culture angle as the breakthrough point, first, through narrates the origin and the development of the Sala nationality and the village, This paper analyzes the morphological characteristics of the national culture in the village settlements of the Salas. Secondly, this paper analyzes the causes of the spatial pattern, the law of spatial evolution and the elements of spatial composition of the Salar rural settlements, and summarizes its spatial morphological characteristics, which constitute the basis of the research. Then, it is clear that the influence of national culture on the settlement space is mainly reflected in the spatial level, religion, sacrifice, street and alley space and courtyard space, and the space forms of Salar rural settlements are divided into four categories: chessboard shape, sector shape, etc. This paper explores the spatial characteristics of four types of settlements under the influence of national culture. Furthermore, the internal relationship between ethnic culture and the development of settlement spatial form is deeply analyzed, and the difference between ethnic culture and other minority settlement spatial forms is compared. Finally, this paper explores the protection and development mode of the Sala village settlement with the aim of inheriting the national culture. In order to provide a reference for the protection and development of the Salar rural settlements. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the spatial morphological characteristics of Salar settlements have the following characteristics: 1) religious center, 2) clean graveyard, 3) close to religion, 5) circular structure and clear hierarchy. Second, the circular spatial structure of the temple influenced the final embodiment of the spatial form of the rural settlement structure, which was formed by the religious center and the unique geographical organization of the Salas, "Agne-Kongmu dispersal", with strong social control. Have the value of inheritance. Third, the ways to protect and develop settlement space are: 1) renewing and expanding the religious ceremony space of traditional villages and 3) renovating and utilizing the symbol space of buildings. 4) grasping the connotation of national culture and forming a cultural industry chain. In order to carry on the industry renewal, realizes the development based on the national culture inheritance.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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