基于光伏发电的路灯控制系统研究与实现

发布时间：2018-07-17 06:41

【摘要】：自工业革命开始,人类的发展繁荣得益于化石能源的使用,同时也伴随着能源危机与环境问题的突出。工业化的后果迫使人们改变能源结构,发展新能源。同时,在城镇快速化发展的中国,需要可替代能源,改善小区传统照明现状。光伏发电,尤其是独立光伏照明,正是改善这些问题的有效途径之一。然而,由于技术等原因,应用成本还较高。因此如何提高光伏电池的转换效率进行有效MPPT跟踪、提高蓄电池有效充放电管理水平成为论文需要研究的问题。论文主要以光伏电池最大功率跟踪(MPPT)技术和蓄电池充电策略为研究核心,通过Simulink仿真验证分析,完成了光伏电池MPPT跟踪策略设计和蓄电池充电策略设计;搭建软硬件平台,设计切实可行的路灯控制系统,验证理论研究控制策略实际运行效果,提高了系统的运行效率。首先研究了光伏电池MPPT跟踪控制技术:阐述了光伏电池基本原理、工作特性,分析其等效电路建立数学模型,搭建光伏电池Simulink模型,研究光伏电池输出特性与环境温度、光照强度、负载间关系。在此基础上,对光伏电池MPPT方法进行讨论研究并仿真验证分析,最终提出改进型变步长INC法MPPT。其次对蓄电池充电策略进行研究:阐述蓄电池的原理、特性及主要参数,根据其等效电路推导蓄电池等效数学模型;然后进行Simulink仿真研究蓄电池充放电特性;对常见蓄电池充放电方法、蓄电池充电技术进行阐述并分析比较,给出各个方法和技术间的优缺点;根据马斯充电可接受电流曲线及快速充电3定律,研究蓄电池的快速充电及极化问题,给出改进型蓄电池充放电策略,通过Simulink仿真分析验证可行性并将蓄电池、光伏电池、boost电路等部分进行联调,观察蓄电池在MPPT充电阶段及其他充电阶段时充电电压、电流及端电压变化曲线(光伏电池MPPT充电是蓄电池充电的一种方式)。再者进行总体方案设计,搭建路灯控制系统软硬件平台。硬件包含AVR控制系统、DC-DC变换器、蓄电池充放电保护电路、采集电路及相关辅助电路设计;软件包含:程序构成框架、上下位机功能控制流程、蓄电池充放电管理流程、相关保护程序,为路灯控制系统提供较为稳定的软硬件平台。最后进行软硬件调试,在搭建的路灯控制系统上,验证系统硬件和软件功能可实现性、完善性及提出的改进型增量电导法MPPT跟踪控制策略、改进型蓄电池充放电控制策略的实际运行效果。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, human development and prosperity have benefited from the use of fossil energy, along with the energy crisis and environmental problems. The consequences of industrialization force people to change their energy structure and develop new sources of energy. At the same time, the rapid development of cities and towns in China, the need for alternative energy, improve the status of traditional lighting residential areas. Photovoltaic power generation, especially independent photovoltaic lighting, is one of the effective ways to improve these problems. However, due to technology and other reasons, the cost of application is still high. Therefore, how to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells to carry out effective MPPT tracking and improve the effective charge and discharge management level of batteries has become a problem to be studied in this paper. In this paper, the MPPT (maximum Power tracking) technology and battery charging strategy are the core of the research. Through Simulink simulation and analysis, the MPPT tracking strategy design and battery charging strategy design are completed, and the hardware and software platform is built. The practical streetlight control system is designed to verify the theoretical study of the actual operation effect of the control strategy and improve the operational efficiency of the system. Firstly, the MPPT tracking control technology of photovoltaic cell is studied. The basic principle and working characteristics of photovoltaic cell are described. The mathematical model of the equivalent circuit is analyzed, the Simulink model of photovoltaic cell is built, and the output characteristics and ambient temperature of photovoltaic cell are studied. Light intensity, load relationship. On this basis, the MPPT method of photovoltaic cells is discussed and verified by simulation. Finally, an improved variable step size (ICA) method for MPPTs is proposed. Secondly, the charging strategy of the battery is studied: the principle, characteristics and main parameters of the battery are expounded, the equivalent mathematical model of the battery is deduced according to its equivalent circuit, and then the charging and discharging characteristics of the battery are simulated by Simulink. The common charging and discharging methods of storage battery, battery charging technology are described and compared, the advantages and disadvantages of each method and technology are given, according to the acceptable current curve of Mas charging and the three laws of fast charging, This paper studies the rapid charging and polarization of the battery, gives the charge and discharge strategy of the improved battery, verifies the feasibility by Simulink simulation analysis, and adjusts the battery, photovoltaic cell boost circuit and other parts. The change curves of voltage, current and terminal voltage during MPPT charging and other charging stages were observed. (MPPT charging of photovoltaic cells is a way of battery charging). Furthermore, the overall scheme is designed to build the hardware and software platform of the streetlight control system. The hardware includes AVR control system DC-DC converter, battery charge and discharge protection circuit, acquisition circuit and related auxiliary circuit design, software includes: program structure framework, upper and lower computer function control flow, battery charge and discharge management flow, The relative protection program provides a relatively stable hardware and software platform for the streetlight control system. Finally, the hardware and software are debugged, and the hardware and software functions of the system are verified on the street lamp control system, and the improved incremental conductance method MPPT tracking control strategy is proposed. The actual operation effect of the improved battery charge and discharge control strategy.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU113.666;TP273

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