从民族性格论14-17世纪中意私家园林特征

发布时间：2018-07-18 08:18

【摘要】：在全球化发展和城市化进程的影响下,东方文明受到代表世界先进文明的“西方文化”的冲击,使包括中国园林文化在内的东方文明趋于弱势。中国城市园林归属感下降,景观文化地域性缺失。这些现象使中国传统园林的继承和发展面临严峻考验。很多新建的园林景观仅注重外表,忽略园林精神的追求和民族性格的体现。这导致园林景观缺少对历史文化的延续、地域特征的体现和民族性格的彰显,往往呈现出大同小异、千篇一律的面貌,毫无特色,让人视觉疲劳。在这种现状背景下,论文试图通过对东西方古典园林的比较,说明民族性格对园林具有重要影响。本文通过跨学科交叉研究,以文化人类学为研究角度,对园林设计进行性格、精神层次的探究。14-17世纪,中意两国园林发展具有相似特点:第一,两国具有相似的政治经济背景。中国江南地区自明永乐以来,安定统一,资本主义的萌芽带来了开放繁荣的市民文化;意大利中部地区的佛罗伦萨与罗马地区较之其它城邦社会稳定、经济繁荣,给人文主义和艺术发展提供了优渥土壤。第二,两国具有相似的思想文化环境。在稳定繁荣的政治经济背景下,两个社会都为人文主义思想的发展提供了一个良好的平台,人的主观能动性逐渐复苏,人对于艺术的追求得到释放。包括园林在内的各类艺术均得到高速发展。第三,两国先后达到造园的鼎盛时期。意大利处于文艺复兴时期,各个阶层对造园艺术的追求空前绝后,建筑、雕塑、绘画方面人才辈出;明清时期的江南私家园林造园手法登峰造极,文人造园之风盛行。文章的第一部分,结合时代背景和社会文化现象,通过对文献资料的收集与整理,发现当今园林景观的营建中存在归属感缺失、地域性模糊等问题,提出通过民族性格研究园林景观的可行性和必要性。第二部分,首先,通过14-17世纪中意私家园林的实例分析,归纳特定时期内园林发展特点;其次,通过横向和纵向的对比、从整体到局部的分析,在园林特征中寻找民族性格;最后,对中意民族性格的成因进行分析,并以此为依据,研究民族性格在园林中的体现。最后一部分为论文的结论,通过分析异同、总结归纳,得出民族性格在园林设计中的重要指导意义。为地域文化景观的营造提供一定的思路和依据。
[Abstract]:Under the influence of globalization and urbanization, the oriental civilization is impacted by the "western culture", which represents the advanced civilization of the world, which makes the oriental civilization, including Chinese garden culture, tend to be weak. The sense of belonging of Chinese urban gardens has declined, and the regional landscape culture is missing. These phenomena make the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional gardens face a severe test. Many newly-built landscape only pay attention to appearance, ignore the pursuit of garden spirit and the embodiment of national character. This leads to the lack of continuity of historical and cultural landscape, the regional characteristics of the embodiment and the national character of the display, often showing the same, the same face, no feature, visual fatigue. In this context, the paper tries to show that the national character has an important influence on the garden by comparing the eastern and western classical gardens. In this paper, from the perspective of cultural anthropology, this paper explores the character of garden design in the spirit of the 14th-17th century. The development of gardens in China and Italy has similar characteristics: first, the two countries have similar political and economic background. Since the beginning of Yongle in the south of the Yangtze River in China, stability and unity, and the germination of capitalism have brought about an open and prosperous civic culture. In central Italy, Florence and Rome have enjoyed social stability and economic prosperity compared with other city-states. To humanism and the development of the arts to provide a fertile soil. Second, the two countries have similar ideological and cultural environment. Under the political and economic background of stability and prosperity, the two societies have provided a good platform for the development of humanism. The subjective initiative of human is gradually reviving, and the pursuit of art is released. All kinds of art, including gardens, have developed at a high speed. Third, the two countries have reached the peak of gardening. Italy is in the Renaissance period, all walks of life to the pursuit of gardening art unprecedented, architecture, sculpture, painting talent; the Ming and Qing dynasties Jiangnan private garden gardening techniques to the peak, literati gardening prevailing. The first part of the article, combined with the background of the times and social and cultural phenomena, through the collection and collation of literature and materials, found that there are some problems in the construction of landscape architecture, such as lack of sense of belonging, regional ambiguity and so on. Put forward the feasibility and necessity of studying garden landscape through national character. The second part, first, through the 14-17 century in Italy private garden examples analysis, summed up the characteristics of garden development in a specific period, secondly, through horizontal and vertical comparison, from the overall to local analysis, in order to find the national character in the garden characteristics; Finally, the cause of formation of Chinese and Italian national character is analyzed, and based on it, the embodiment of national character in garden is studied. The last part is the conclusion of the paper, through analyzing the similarities and differences, summing up the conclusion, the important guiding significance of the national character in the garden design. For the construction of regional cultural landscape to provide certain ideas and basis.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU-098.4

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