英国管控单体住宅建设活动的规划法规体系和策略方法

发布时间：2018-07-22 12:29

【摘要】：在我国城乡规划体系中,对单体住宅建设活动的规划管理尚未形成完善的制度体系。在城市中,常常出现户主对单体住宅(别墅)进行加建、改建甚至拆除重建的争议行为。虽然规划部门认为有必要介入干预,但由于缺乏管理依据,管理中对于其行为的违法认定、执法标准和管控措施均不明确。而在乡村区域,单体住宅(自建房)建设尚处于相对自发和随意的状态,导致乡村公共空间、环境和景观常被缺乏管控的自建活动破坏,传统风貌的保护和延续更加无从下手。在城乡居住建筑形式均以单体住宅(包括独立式住宅、双拼住宅和联排住宅)为主的英国,经过百余年的规划和建筑管理发展后,形成了一套成熟、有效的管控单体住宅的法规体系和策略方法,并在地方层面形成了对单体住宅的规划审批、设计施工管理。本文通过介绍英国在管控单体住宅建设活动方面的立法演变、程序设计和策略方法,希望以此作为我国未来制度建设的参考性资料。笔者认为,英国体系对单体住宅进行的"规划和建筑的协同管理"、"许可审批范围设定"和"授权第三方参与管理"的经验值得我国规划部门借鉴。
[Abstract]:In China's urban and rural planning system, the planning and management of individual housing construction activities has not yet formed a perfect system. In cities, there are often controversial behaviors of heads of household to add, rebuild or even demolish houses (villas). Although the planning department thinks that it is necessary to intervene in the intervention, but because of the lack of management basis, the law enforcement standards and control measures are not clear in the management. In rural areas, the construction of single house (self-built house) is still in a relatively spontaneous and random state, resulting in the rural public space, environment and landscape are often destroyed by the lack of control of self-construction activities, and the protection and continuation of traditional style and features is even more difficult. In the United Kingdom, where the main forms of residential buildings in urban and rural areas are single houses (including self-contained houses, double housing units and contiguous houses), after more than 100 years of planning and building management development, a set of mature houses has formed. The effective regulation and control system and strategy method of the single house, and the planning examination and approval, design and construction management of the single house have been formed at the local level. This paper introduces the legislative evolution, program design and strategic methods of regulating and controlling the activities of single house construction in Britain, hoping that it can be used as a reference material for the future system construction of our country. The author thinks that the experience of "planning and building coordination management", "setting the scope of permission approval" and "authorizing the third party to participate in management" carried out by the British system is worthy of reference by the planning departments of our country.
【作者单位】：湖南大学建筑学院城乡规划系;
【基金】：湖南省省重点研发计划(2016SK2011) 国家教育部博士点基金项目(20130161120047) 留学回国人员科研启动基金项目(20141685) 中央高校基本业务费共同资助
【分类号】：TU984.5

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