钢—混凝土混合结构减振振动台试验分析

发布时间：2018-08-06 16:12

【摘要】：地震往往会造成较大的人员伤亡和建筑物的损毁,传统抗震设计与隔震设计在如何抵御地震对建筑物损伤这一问题上,两者的设计思路大有不同。前者以防止建筑物倒塌和保证人身安全为目标,大震时依靠结构的损伤吸收地震能量,但上部结构的变形往往引起房屋内部物品的破坏和人员伤亡;后者则以大震时上部结构不产生损伤为目标,地震能量几乎全部由隔震层吸收,使上部结构在弹性范围内工作,不仅使结构免遭破坏而且有效地保护了房屋内的物品。近年来,国内外学者对于单独设置隔震支座或单独设置阻尼器的结构已进行了多方面的研究,并取得了许多研究成果。但结构中同时设置隔震支座和阻尼器的研究还非常少。本文对水平地震作用下设置橡胶隔震支座和粘滞阻尼器的减震结构进行了研究,主要内容如下:(1)简述了叠层橡胶隔震支座和粘滞阻尼器技术的发展历史、现状、特点以及在工程中的应用;阐述了橡胶隔震支座的性能、分析方法以及粘滞阻尼器的基本原理、力学模型和加入粘滞阻尼器之后结构的分析方法及计算手段。(2)设计并制作了一下部混凝土、上部钢结构的二层混合结构,在不同地震波作用下对抗震结构、隔震结构以及减震结构进行了多工况振动台试验;测试了不同结构不同位置的加速度、位移和应变值。(3)对比分析了抗震结构、隔震结构以及减震结构的减震性能。结构在安装了隔震支座之后,结构的周期得到有效延长,加速度和层间位移明显减小,减震效果显著;在隔震结构上增加粘滞阻尼器后,因上部结构的侧向刚度和阻尼的增加,导致顶层加速度和层间位移明显减小,但隔震层的加速度减小幅值不明显,说明粘滞阻尼器的设置加剧了地震能量的消耗,但减震效果还与阻尼器的设置位置关系密切。(4)运用弹塑性理论建立了试验结构的有限元模型,并运用Midas Gen对模型进行了时程计算,将有限元分析与试验结果进行对比研究。对比分析表明:有限元分析结果和试验吻合较好,说明该有限元分析能较好的模拟工程实际问题,具有可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Earthquakes often cause more casualties and damage to buildings. The traditional seismic design and isolation design are different in how to resist the damage to buildings. The former aims to prevent the collapse of buildings and to ensure the safety of human beings. The damage of the structure absorbs the seismic energy when a large earthquake occurs, but the deformation of the superstructure often results in the destruction of the house interior items and casualties. The latter aims at no damage to the superstructure during a large earthquake, and almost all seismic energy is absorbed by the isolation layer, which makes the superstructure work in an elastic range, which not only prevents the structure from being damaged, but also effectively protects the objects in the house. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad have made many researches on the structures with isolation bearings or dampers, and have made many achievements. However, there are few researches on the isolation support and dampers in the structure at the same time. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the history and present situation of the technology of laminated rubber isolation and viscous dampers are briefly described. Characteristics and application in engineering, performance, analysis method and the basic principle of viscous damper of rubber isolation bearing are expounded. The mechanical model and the analysis method and calculation method of the structure with viscous dampers. (2) A two-story hybrid structure with concrete and steel structure is designed and fabricated. The seismic structure is subjected to different seismic waves. The vibration table tests of isolation structure and damping structure are carried out, and the acceleration, displacement and strain values of different structures are tested. (3) the seismic performance of seismic structure, isolation structure and damping structure are compared and analyzed. After the isolation support is installed, the period of the structure is effectively prolonged, the acceleration and the interstory displacement are obviously reduced, and the damping effect is remarkable, and the lateral stiffness and damping of the superstructure increase after the viscous dampers are added to the isolated structure. The acceleration of the top layer and the displacement between the layers are obviously reduced, but the amplitude of the acceleration of the isolation layer is not obvious, which indicates that the setting of viscous damper increases the energy consumption of the earthquake. But the damping effect is also closely related to the location of the damper. (4) the finite element model of the experimental structure is established by using the elastic-plastic theory, and the time-history calculation of the model is carried out by using Midas Gen, and the finite element analysis is compared with the experimental results. The comparison and analysis show that the results of finite element analysis are in good agreement with the test, which shows that the finite element analysis can simulate the practical problems of engineering well, and it is feasible and effective.
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU398.9;TU352.1

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