川西民居瓦石构造技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-07 11:33
【摘要】：时代变迁,现代技术型建筑更新迭代,冲击了无数传承几千年的传统建筑,将它们卷入了历史浪涛之中。上千年一直传承的建造技术、工具材料湮没在了这场时代"浩劫"之中。许多技艺工种也将不复存在,这些平凡的工匠正是中国灿烂建筑文化中最平凡的缔造者。他们靠着心口相传,拥有高超的技术水平,但迫于知识水平无法将其记录成册,这些东西的消失将是中国的损失。作为建筑从业者,如何传承与保护迫在眉睫。但如建筑先驱梁思成所讲:"现代建造师毫不曾执斧刃以施威,尤为动刀凿以用事,稍习长短宽窄高低薄厚而已",由于历来学者文人多以空间形态、尺度关系来定义传统建筑,"不以刀斧为攻,难通绳墨之决",使得传统工艺技术未能见经传。同时,在文物修缮保护方面,任务繁重,责任重大,但施工队伍技术水平不断下降,老工匠人数也越来越少,传统技艺濒于失传。一些脱离了文化传统,充斥着现代技术的产物徒有其表,却已失去了其本质内涵,而一大批古建、古街区、古镇需要重建、改建、修缮,建立一套完整的施工技术规范,培养一批掌握传统建造技术的新的技术人才表现得极其重要。本文着眼于传统建筑瓦石构造技术的研究,将其限定于独特的地域性空间—川西。笔者通过对川西地区现存传统建筑、街区、古镇进行实地调研,并结合老工匠所述,从历史文献和现有实际情况两方面入手,结合川西地区地理因素、环境因素、历史因素以及人文因素,深入解析川西传统民居构造技术。第一章为本文绪论,论述了本次研究的研究背景、研究意义、研究现状已经研究的内容和方法。第二章结合本次调研情况,通过对川西地区独特的自然环境、风俗文化和历史变化因素进行描述,对由此所产生的川西地区特有的建筑类型进行概况性的描述,并结合建筑特点对所调研建筑的一些构造技术进行初步情况的介绍,方便以后进行深入研究。还将川西、川北、川南和《清工部工程做法》、《营造法式》的名词术语进行归纳对比。第三章和第四章是本文的主体内容,根据前期的调研成果结合文献查阅,将川西地区传统建造工具和传统工匠进行描述,包括工具的使用方法、流程和部位,传统工匠的工作内容、流程和手法进行介绍。第四章是介绍川西民居不同建筑类型不同部位具体的施工方法和细节处理方式。第五章结合实际情况以及前面所述的施工方法,对建筑物可能出现的多种损坏形式进行详细的修缮方法介绍。
[Abstract]:The changes of the times and the renewal of modern technical architecture have impacted numerous traditional buildings that inherited thousands of years. They have been involved in the historical waves. The construction technology that has been inherited for thousands of years has been lost in the "holocaust" of this era. Many of the technical works will not exist, and these ordinary craftsmen are the splendid construction of China. The most mundane builders in the construction culture have high technical level, but they cannot be recorded by the knowledge level. The loss of these things will be the loss of China. As a building practitioner, how to inherit and protect it is imminent. When the blade is used, it is especially a knife chisel to use things to study the length and width of the length and height. "Because many scholars have traditionally defined the traditional architecture with space form and scale relation," not with the axe for attack, and the difficult to pass the rope and ink ", which makes the traditional technology and technology fail to see the classics. At the same time, the task is heavy and the responsibility is heavy, but the responsibility is important, but in the preservation of cultural relics, the responsibility is heavy but the responsibility is important but The technical level of the construction team is declining, the number of old craftsmen is less and less, and the traditional skills are on the verge of loss. Some out of the cultural tradition, the products of modern technology have their own list, but they have lost their essential connotation, and a large number of ancient buildings, ancient streets and ancient towns need to be rebuilt, rebuilt, repaired, and set up a complete set of technical specifications, It is very important to cultivate a group of new technical talents with traditional construction technology. This article focuses on the research of the traditional building tile structure technology and defines it in the unique regional space - Western Sichuan. Through the field investigation of the existing traditional buildings, blocks and ancient towns in the west of Sichuan, the author combines the old craftsmen with the historical texts. Two aspects of the present actual situation, combined with the geographical factors, environmental factors, historical factors and human factors in Western Sichuan, the construction technology of traditional residence in Western Sichuan is deeply analyzed. Chapter 1 is the introduction of this paper. The research background, significance, the content and methods of the research are discussed. The second chapter is combined with this time. Through the description of the unique natural environment, customs, culture and historical change factors in the West Sichuan area, this paper gives a general description of the unique architectural type produced in the West Sichuan area, and introduces some construction techniques of the architecture in the light of the architectural features, which is convenient for further research. The third and fourth chapters are the main contents of this article. The traditional construction tools and traditional craftsmen in Western Sichuan are described, including the methods, processes and parts of the use of tools. The fourth chapter introduces the concrete construction methods and details of different parts of the different types of buildings in the west of Sichuan Province. The fifth chapter introduces a detailed repair method for the possible multiple damage forms of the building in combination with the actual situation and the construction methods described above.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5
本文编号：2169887
[Abstract]:The changes of the times and the renewal of modern technical architecture have impacted numerous traditional buildings that inherited thousands of years. They have been involved in the historical waves. The construction technology that has been inherited for thousands of years has been lost in the "holocaust" of this era. Many of the technical works will not exist, and these ordinary craftsmen are the splendid construction of China. The most mundane builders in the construction culture have high technical level, but they cannot be recorded by the knowledge level. The loss of these things will be the loss of China. As a building practitioner, how to inherit and protect it is imminent. When the blade is used, it is especially a knife chisel to use things to study the length and width of the length and height. "Because many scholars have traditionally defined the traditional architecture with space form and scale relation," not with the axe for attack, and the difficult to pass the rope and ink ", which makes the traditional technology and technology fail to see the classics. At the same time, the task is heavy and the responsibility is heavy, but the responsibility is important, but in the preservation of cultural relics, the responsibility is heavy but the responsibility is important but The technical level of the construction team is declining, the number of old craftsmen is less and less, and the traditional skills are on the verge of loss. Some out of the cultural tradition, the products of modern technology have their own list, but they have lost their essential connotation, and a large number of ancient buildings, ancient streets and ancient towns need to be rebuilt, rebuilt, repaired, and set up a complete set of technical specifications, It is very important to cultivate a group of new technical talents with traditional construction technology. This article focuses on the research of the traditional building tile structure technology and defines it in the unique regional space - Western Sichuan. Through the field investigation of the existing traditional buildings, blocks and ancient towns in the west of Sichuan, the author combines the old craftsmen with the historical texts. Two aspects of the present actual situation, combined with the geographical factors, environmental factors, historical factors and human factors in Western Sichuan, the construction technology of traditional residence in Western Sichuan is deeply analyzed. Chapter 1 is the introduction of this paper. The research background, significance, the content and methods of the research are discussed. The second chapter is combined with this time. Through the description of the unique natural environment, customs, culture and historical change factors in the West Sichuan area, this paper gives a general description of the unique architectural type produced in the West Sichuan area, and introduces some construction techniques of the architecture in the light of the architectural features, which is convenient for further research. The third and fourth chapters are the main contents of this article. The traditional construction tools and traditional craftsmen in Western Sichuan are described, including the methods, processes and parts of the use of tools. The fourth chapter introduces the concrete construction methods and details of different parts of the different types of buildings in the west of Sichuan Province. The fifth chapter introduces a detailed repair method for the possible multiple damage forms of the building in combination with the actual situation and the construction methods described above.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU241.5
【参考文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前10条
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