建筑中庭消防安全疏散决策支持系统的研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 13:11

【摘要】：这些年来,随着我国社会的不断进步和建筑技术的全面发展,中庭设计逐渐成为建筑设计的重要形式。与此同时,近年来发生了一些严重的火灾事故,导致了大量的群众伤亡,据调查发现,消防安全疏散是导致火灾事故引起重大伤亡的重要因素。基于此,关注建筑消防安全疏散问题意义重大。中庭类建筑数量的增长,也在一定程度上增加了火灾发生数量。相对普通建筑而言,中庭建筑表现出功能复杂、人员密集、可燃物多与火灾荷载大等特征。且中庭多被设计为共享空间,虽在设计上让建筑内部空间得以拓展,增强了建筑内空间的视觉美感与效果,却也增大了火灾隐患。一旦在这种空间中出现火灾问题,则会为扑救与疏散工作带来极大困难,很容易造成重大人员伤亡和巨大财产损失。中庭类建筑形式,为建筑消防安全疏散带来了严峻挑战。针对中庭类建筑形式的消防疏散问题,我国尚未形成具体的法规政策来规范其研究。且在现有的规范中缺乏对中庭概念的准确定义,同时单一的规范要求难以满足形式多样的中庭类建筑。因此,如何客观科学的评价建筑中庭消防安全疏散现状,进而起到为建筑中庭的消防安全疏散设计提供参考,为该类型建筑火灾预防、工程防火设计与消防决策等提供支持,成为了消防领域所面临的迫切性问题。目前消防安全疏散决策研究大多仅从理论上针对某一指标如只针对防排烟系统或防火分区等进行评价。而对于某一特定建筑,评价其消防安全疏散的现状优劣通常是由多因素综合作用的。因此,研究开发一个具有较好的人机对话界面、评价指标全面、面向建筑中庭的消防安全疏散决策支持系统,具有重大的理论与工程意义。本文通过分析现有建筑中庭消防安全疏散体系,将决策支持系统的思路引入到建筑中庭消防安全疏散工作中来,以综合评级为目的,提出了构建建筑中庭消防安全疏散决策支持系统的设想;参照国内外安全疏散文献资料和决策支持系统开发的成功经验,根据建筑中庭消防安全疏散的有关法规,提出建筑中庭消防安全疏散影响指标体系及消防安全疏散现状评级决策方法,并初步在平台上研究设计了建筑中庭消防安全疏散决策支持系统;选取了某市某建筑中庭作为实例研究对象,运行系统得出该建筑中庭的消防安全疏散现状等级,并对其存在的消防安全疏散问题提出了相应的改善意见与措施。通过设计建筑中庭消防安全疏散决策支持系统,能够为政府职能部门提供有效的决策支持,提升政府职能管理部门的管理能力和效率。
[Abstract]:Over the years, with the continuous progress of our society and the overall development of building technology, atrium design has gradually become an important form of architectural design. At the same time, some serious fire accidents have occurred in recent years, resulting in a large number of casualties. According to the investigation, fire safety evacuation is an important factor leading to heavy casualties in fire accidents. Based on this, it is of great significance to pay attention to the problem of building fire safety evacuation. The increase in the number of atrium buildings also increased the number of fires to some extent. Compared with ordinary buildings, atrium buildings have the characteristics of complex functions, dense personnel, more combustible materials and large fire loads. And the atrium is often designed as shared space. Although the interior space of the building can be expanded in the design, it enhances the visual beauty and effect of the inner space of the building, but also increases the hidden danger of fire. Once there is fire problem in this kind of space, it will bring great difficulties to rescue and evacuation work, and it will easily cause heavy casualties and huge property losses. Atrium type of building form, for building fire safety evacuation has brought a severe challenge. In view of the fire-fighting evacuation of atrium building, our country has not formed specific laws and regulations to standardize its research. Moreover, there is a lack of accurate definition of atrium concept in the existing codes, and it is difficult for a single specification to meet the needs of various kinds of atrium buildings. Therefore, how to objectively and scientifically evaluate the present situation of fire safety evacuation in building atrium, and then provide reference for the fire safety evacuation design of building atrium, provide support for fire prevention of this type of building, fire prevention design of engineering and fire control decision, etc. It has become an urgent problem in the field of fire protection. At present, most of the researches on fire safety evacuation decision are based on a certain index, such as smoke control system or fire prevention zone. For a particular building, the evaluation of its fire safety evacuation status is usually caused by multiple factors. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and engineering significance to study and develop a decision support system for fire safety evacuation with better man-machine dialogue interface, comprehensive evaluation index and oriented fire safety evacuation in building atrium. By analyzing the existing fire safety evacuation system in atrium, this paper introduces the idea of decision support system into the fire safety evacuation of building atrium, with the purpose of comprehensive rating. This paper puts forward the idea of constructing the decision support system of fire safety evacuation in building atrium, referring to the literature of safety evacuation at home and abroad and the successful experience of the development of decision support system, according to the relevant regulations of fire safety evacuation in building atrium. The influence index system of fire safety evacuation in building atrium and the decision making method of fire safety evacuation status are put forward, and the decision support system of fire safety evacuation in building atrium is studied and designed preliminarily on the platform. Taking the atrium of a building in a certain city as an example, the present situation of fire safety evacuation in the atrium of the building is obtained by the operating system, and the corresponding suggestions and measures are put forward to improve the fire safety evacuation problem. By designing a decision support system for fire safety evacuation in atrium, it can provide effective decision support for government functional departments and enhance the management ability and efficiency of government functional management departments.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU998.1

【参考文献】