海绵城市排水系统优化设计

发布时间：2018-09-05 09:49

【摘要】：近些年,城市快速发展,导致了城市下垫面不透水面积不断增加,城市地表径流量不断增长,入渗减少,加之城市排水系统缺乏科学的规划,从而导致城市内涝频发,严重影响到我国城市的正常运行。因此国家提出了建设自然积存,自然渗透,自然净化的“海绵城市”的构想。海绵城市能够有效地控制75%左右的地表径流量,但是其余的降水依然需要通过城市排水管网排除,城市排水管网的规划设计如何与我们的海绵城市建设更好地融合在一起,因地制宜的对城市的排水系统进行合理的优化设计,使得我们的城市排水系统能够在海绵城市理念下更好地发挥作用,这是“海绵城市”建设中容易忽略的一个方向,也是本文主要的研究内容。本文主要的研究内容如下:(1)雨洪模型中的各项参数,首先通过经验值和现场实验确定初值,最后根据模型模拟数据和实际现场测量数据进行对比,不断对模型参数进行调试与修改,最终实现模型的适用性与可靠性;(2)在对城市进行低影响开发时,需要确定年径流总量控制率的控制目标,但是城市各个地段开发程度不一,因此需要根据实地勘察,确定不同地块的建筑密度,开发程度,根据实际情况确定各个地块的控制目标;(3)LID开发后,研究区域内的径流控制率由40%增加到了目标值75%,地表径流削减率达到了79%,城市积水点的个数由130个减少到了9个,最长积水时间由6个小时减少到1个小时,积水量由5万立方米减少到200立方米。结果表明:低影响开发技术不仅对降雨地表径流具有削减作用,还具有滞留作用。(4)在海绵城市建设过程中,由于个别地块原始开发程度过高,难以实现较大规模的低影响开发,导致了LID开发后,仍有部分地块积水,需要通过对排水管网进行优化,以满足排水要求,将LID措施与排水管网的优化设计相衔接,共同起到防涝排水的作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of the city has led to the continuous increase of the impervious area of the underlying surface of the city, the continuous growth of the urban surface runoff, the decrease of infiltration, and the lack of scientific planning of the urban drainage system, which leads to the frequent occurrence of urban waterlogging. Seriously affect the normal operation of cities in China. Therefore, the country has put forward the concept of "sponge city", which is natural accumulation, natural permeation and natural purification. Sponge cities can effectively control about 75 percent of surface runoff, but the rest of the precipitation still needs to be eliminated through urban drainage networks. How to better integrate the planning and design of urban drainage networks with the construction of our sponge cities, According to the local conditions, the drainage system of the city can be optimized reasonably, so that the drainage system of our city can play a better role in the concept of sponge city, which is a direction that is easy to ignore in the construction of "sponge city". It is also the main research content of this paper. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the parameters in the rain flood model are determined by the experience value and the field experiment. Finally, the model simulation data and the actual field measurement data are compared. The model parameters are constantly adjusted and modified to realize the applicability and reliability of the model. (2) in the low-impact development of the city, it is necessary to determine the control target of the total annual runoff control rate, but the degree of development varies in different parts of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the building density and development degree of different plots according to the field survey, and to determine the control objectives of each plot according to the actual situation. (3) after the development of LID, The runoff control rate in the study area has increased from 40% to the target value of 75%, the surface runoff reduction rate has reached 79%, the number of urban water points has been reduced from 130 to 9, and the longest water accumulation time has been reduced from 6 hours to 1 hour. The amount of water accumulated was reduced from 50,000 cubic meters to 200 cubic meters. The results show that the low impact development technology can not only reduce rainfall runoff, but also retain it. (4) in the process of sponge city construction, it is difficult to realize large scale low impact development due to the high degree of original development of individual plots. As a result of the development of LID, there are still some plots of stagnant water. It is necessary to optimize the drainage network to meet the drainage requirements, to link the LID measures with the optimal design of the drainage pipe network, and to play the role of waterlogging prevention and drainage together.
【学位授予单位】：南昌工程学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU992

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