商场人员密度变化时的空调系统运行调节研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 11:04

【摘要】：商场类建筑人员密集且波动大,人员数量的变动对空调负荷的变化有较大影响。在空调运行过程中,以人员密度作为调节的指标及时地控制空调系统供水温度、设备管内流速等运行参数,调节制冷量来适应空调负荷的变化来实现节能。影响室内人员数量变化的因素较多,难以对人员数量的变化规律进行准确的预测。本文依据实地调研统计数据,以某商场公共区域的空调系统为例,对人员密度变化时空调系统运行参数调节进行分析。以广州市某购物中心为例,在营业时间段,对商场内各区域的人员数量和商店的分布情况进行调研统计,分析人员数量日变化曲线的规律。调研发现,人员数量日变化曲线有一定的规律可循。人员数量是时间和空间上都存在差异,经营内容不同的商店人员数量变化曲线不同,不同日期人员变化曲线也有所不同。商场公共区域人员数量中,交通便利的首层、地下一层人员密度约为其他楼层的1.5倍,而周末的人员密度约为工作日的1.5倍。对比上世纪约为1m2/人的峰值占地面积,现已有较大的提高,超市、服装店等提高至8~9m2/人。人员较为密集的餐厅和咖啡厅,人均占地面积也只有2.2 m2/人。参考美国标准的新风量计算方法,经计算,商场平时新风量推荐指标范围为25~35[m3/(h·人)]。根据人员数量的日变化曲线,提出“单峰”、“双峰”两类曲线来代表商场人员数量的变化情况,以商场公共区域空调系统为例,以实际的建筑结构和当地标准年的气象参数为计算条件,模拟“单峰”、“双峰”两个不同的人员变化曲线在5-10月的逐时空调负荷。结果显示,人员引起的冷负荷在室内负荷的最大比例近40%,而人员负荷和新风负荷之和在空调系统负荷的最大比例高达60%。人员数量的变化对空调负荷有很大的影响。以商场空调系统为例,根据负荷的计算结果,以全空气一次回风系统形式对每个工况的空气处理过程进行计算,分析送风参数的与人员数量变化的规律。人员数量变动虽然会改变空调负荷,同时也影响系统的送风温差,有相互抵销作用,使送风量没有明显的变化。而送风温度受人员的影响较大,相同的室外条件下,人数越多要求的送风温度越低。考虑实际控制中商场的差异性,采用人员密度作为调节的指标进行分析。在可获得实时气象参数和实时人员数量补偿控制的情况,以某种人员数量的变化曲线作为参照,分析实际曲线与参照曲线之间运行参数调节量与人员密度修正量之间的数量关系,作为控制的依据。以送风温度为例,参照《公共建筑节能标准》提出的基准曲线,更适用于人员变化规律复杂的情况。在定水温和定流速两种控制模式中,保持量的大小值不同,调节量随负荷变化的调节幅度也不同。以七月份为例,拟合各种控制方式的调节比例和偏移修正量。结果显示,基于参考人员变化曲线,依据人员密度的修正量来调节系统运行参数的调节量,有明显的数量关系,有一定的工程实用意义。
[Abstract]:In the process of air-conditioning operation, the operating parameters of air-conditioning system, such as temperature of water supply, velocity of flow in the tube of equipment, are controlled timely with the density of personnel as the adjusting index, and the refrigeration capacity is adjusted to meet the change of air-conditioning load to achieve energy saving. There are many factors affecting the change of the number of indoor staff, so it is difficult to accurately predict the law of the change of the number of indoor staff. Based on the field investigation and statistical data, this paper takes the air conditioning system in a public area of a shopping mall as an example to analyze the adjustment of the operating parameters of the space-time adjusting system for the change of the density of personnel. Time period, the number of people and the distribution of stores in different areas of the shopping mall survey statistics, analysis of the number of people daily change curve law. Research found that the number of people daily change curve has a certain law to follow. The number of people on the ground floor is about 1.5 times that of the other floors, and the density of people on the weekend is about 1.5 times that of the working day. The average area of restaurants and cafes with dense staff is only 2.2 m2 per person. Referring to the calculation method of fresh air volume according to American standard, the recommended index range of fresh air volume is 25-35 [m3 /(h /)]. Taking the air conditioning system in public area of shopping malls as an example, taking the actual building structure and the meteorological parameters of the local standard year as the calculation conditions, the time-space load adjustment of the "single peak" and "double peak" two different personnel change curves from May to October was simulated. The maximum load ratio is nearly 40%, and the maximum load ratio of the personnel load and the fresh air load is up to 60%. The change of the number of personnel has a great impact on the air conditioning load. Calculate and analyze the law of the change of the air supply parameters and the number of people. Although the change of the number of people will change the air conditioning load, but also affect the air supply temperature difference of the system, there is a mutual offset effect, so that the air supply volume has no obvious change. Low. Considering the difference of the shopping mall in the actual control, the personnel density is used as the adjustment index to analyze. When the real-time meteorological parameters and the real-time compensation control of the number of personnel can be obtained, the operation parameter adjustment and the personnel density correction between the actual curve and the reference curve are analyzed with the change curve of the number of personnel as a reference. Taking the air supply temperature as an example and referring to the benchmark curve proposed by the Energy Saving Standard for Public Buildings, it is more suitable for the case of complicated personnel variation law. The results show that, based on the change curve of reference personnel and the modification of personnel density, the adjustment quantity of system operation parameters can be adjusted according to the modification quantity of personnel density.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU831

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