徽州传统民居自然通风营造机理及设计优化研究
发布时间：2018-09-07 09:23
【摘要】：徽州传统民居作为中国传统民居的典型代表之一,是古徽州人民长期适应自然环境的产物,其中蕴藏着丰富的自然通风设计理念,自然通风能够有效的延长室内舒适时间、改善室内空气品质,而在现代民居的通风技术逐渐被忽略,因此挖掘传统民居中被动式通风策略对现代民居的设计具有重要的借鉴意义。本文以传统民居自然通风技术发掘为目的,通过实测和数值模拟的方法从风压及热压两个方面分析“一字形”和“回字形”两种典型天井形式下民居的建筑布局及门窗构件对室内风环境的影响,并提出传统民居自然通风优化措施。首先,通过现场实测掌握传统民居室内通风基本参数,包括风速、风向及换气次数,得出厅堂在不同门开启工况下的换气次数范围为6.41~28.57次/h,厢房换气次数范围为1.97~13.02次/h。结果表明与天井相通的厅堂通风效果较好,且屏风的启闭能够调节室内风速大小;具有木质围护结构且单侧开口的厢房,不仅具有良好的透气性,同时室内风压作用较小基本无吹风感。对比不同类型民居得出“回字形”天井热压通风效果较“一字形”天井显著,增强了冬季的防寒作用。根据风速及风向测试结果确定民居各开口之间的通风路线,绘制出在不同工况下民居的通风网络图。其次,开展传统民居风压和热压通风模拟研究。在简化建筑物理模型的基础上进行不同湍流方程模拟,得出室内零方程与实测结果误差最小。基于零方程模型对各工况进行模拟,表明在风压与热压共同作用时:厅堂以风压通风为主;厢房质量流量相比与风压单独作用增加了1.8倍,热压作用显著。夜间热压通风结果表明民居的夜间通风散热效果较好,室内外的温差维持在1.2℃左右。最后,对传统民居风压及热压通风进行优化研究。通过模拟得出天井的挡风效果显著,其挡风率高达71.86%。民居结构优化结果得出厢房后墙开窗可有效改善房间风压通风效果;“一字形”天井长度减小至12.64m时能够同时提高厅堂和厢房的换气次数。此外,根据模拟结果拟合得到“一字形”天井民居的厅堂及厢房换气次数与室内外温差的函数关系式。将上述优化结果应用到现代民居建设中,能够有效提高建筑的通风节能效果。
[Abstract]:As one of the typical representatives of Chinese traditional houses, Huizhou traditional residence is the product of ancient Huizhou people adapting to the natural environment for a long time. It contains abundant natural ventilation design ideas, and natural ventilation can effectively prolong the indoor comfortable time. In order to improve indoor air quality, the ventilation technology of modern residential buildings has been neglected gradually, so it is of great significance to excavate passive ventilation strategies in traditional houses for reference to the design of modern houses. The purpose of this paper is to explore the natural ventilation technology of traditional residential buildings. Through the method of actual measurement and numerical simulation, the influence of "one shape" and "ring shape" on the indoor wind environment is analyzed from the aspects of wind pressure and hot pressure, as well as the architectural layout and the influence of door and window components on the indoor wind environment under the two typical patio forms of "one shape" and "ring shape". And put forward the traditional residential natural ventilation optimization measures. First of all, the basic parameters of indoor ventilation of traditional houses, including wind speed, wind direction and air exchange times, are grasped by field measurement. It is concluded that the air exchange frequency range of hall under different door opening conditions is 6.41 ~ 28.57 times / h, and that of vestibule room is 1.97 ~ 13.02 times / h. The results show that the ventilation effect of the hall connected with the patio is good, and the opening and closing of the screen can adjust the indoor wind speed, and the chamber with wooden enclosure structure and one side opening not only has good air permeability, At the same time, the effect of indoor wind pressure is small, basically no sense of blowing. Comparing with different types of residential buildings, it is concluded that the hot press ventilation effect of "Hui zigzag" patio is better than that of "one zigzag", which enhances the effect of cold prevention in winter. According to the test results of wind speed and wind direction, the ventilation route between the openings of residential buildings is determined, and the ventilation network diagram of residential buildings under different working conditions is drawn. Secondly, the simulation study of wind pressure and hot pressure ventilation of traditional residential buildings is carried out. On the basis of simplifying the building physical model, different turbulence equations are simulated, and the minimum error between the indoor zero equation and the measured results is obtained. Based on the zero equation model, the simulation results show that the main function of the hall is wind pressure ventilation, the mass flow rate of the chamber is 1.8 times higher than that of the wind pressure alone, and the hot pressure is significant. The results of nocturnal hot press ventilation showed that the ventilation effect of night ventilation was better, and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference was maintained at about 1.2 鈩，
本文编号：2227848
[Abstract]:As one of the typical representatives of Chinese traditional houses, Huizhou traditional residence is the product of ancient Huizhou people adapting to the natural environment for a long time. It contains abundant natural ventilation design ideas, and natural ventilation can effectively prolong the indoor comfortable time. In order to improve indoor air quality, the ventilation technology of modern residential buildings has been neglected gradually, so it is of great significance to excavate passive ventilation strategies in traditional houses for reference to the design of modern houses. The purpose of this paper is to explore the natural ventilation technology of traditional residential buildings. Through the method of actual measurement and numerical simulation, the influence of "one shape" and "ring shape" on the indoor wind environment is analyzed from the aspects of wind pressure and hot pressure, as well as the architectural layout and the influence of door and window components on the indoor wind environment under the two typical patio forms of "one shape" and "ring shape". And put forward the traditional residential natural ventilation optimization measures. First of all, the basic parameters of indoor ventilation of traditional houses, including wind speed, wind direction and air exchange times, are grasped by field measurement. It is concluded that the air exchange frequency range of hall under different door opening conditions is 6.41 ~ 28.57 times / h, and that of vestibule room is 1.97 ~ 13.02 times / h. The results show that the ventilation effect of the hall connected with the patio is good, and the opening and closing of the screen can adjust the indoor wind speed, and the chamber with wooden enclosure structure and one side opening not only has good air permeability, At the same time, the effect of indoor wind pressure is small, basically no sense of blowing. Comparing with different types of residential buildings, it is concluded that the hot press ventilation effect of "Hui zigzag" patio is better than that of "one zigzag", which enhances the effect of cold prevention in winter. According to the test results of wind speed and wind direction, the ventilation route between the openings of residential buildings is determined, and the ventilation network diagram of residential buildings under different working conditions is drawn. Secondly, the simulation study of wind pressure and hot pressure ventilation of traditional residential buildings is carried out. On the basis of simplifying the building physical model, different turbulence equations are simulated, and the minimum error between the indoor zero equation and the measured results is obtained. Based on the zero equation model, the simulation results show that the main function of the hall is wind pressure ventilation, the mass flow rate of the chamber is 1.8 times higher than that of the wind pressure alone, and the hot pressure is significant. The results of nocturnal hot press ventilation showed that the ventilation effect of night ventilation was better, and the indoor and outdoor temperature difference was maintained at about 1.2 鈩，
本文编号：2227848
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