聚丙烯静电集尘板集尘效率和再生性研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 18:28

【摘要】：随着社会经济快速发展,人们对于生活水平和室内空气品质的要求也逐渐增加,空气污染是如今环境污染最严重的问题之一,尤其是PM2.5被认为是威胁人类健康的一个主要因素。静电式空气净化器不仅具有安全、可靠、无降解问题等优势,还有杀菌功效,并兼有高效除尘的特点,具有极大的商业价值。传统的静电集尘板主要采用多层带孔金属片组装而成,但一次造价高、易产生漏电,逐渐被驻极体材料取代。目前,集尘板一般通过涂布导电涂料或施加导电板材来使驻极体材料表面导电,然而导电材料成本高且耐水洗性能不佳等问题仍然没有得到解决。聚丙烯材料(PP)具有质量轻,结构规整,抗弯曲性能强,热稳定性优良等特点,成为静电集尘板制备的主要驻极体基材。聚苯胺(PANI)是一种导电高分子材料,具有来源广泛,价格低,安全环保等优点,因此本课题提出集尘板导电材料区域通过苯胺原位聚合生成聚苯胺来制备驻极体,得到了一种具有良好集尘效率和耐水洗性能的聚苯胺/聚丙烯静电集尘板,有效克服了传统方法存在的耐水洗性差、成本高等问题。主要内容和结论如下:(1)本课题采用苯胺原位聚合的方法,在聚丙烯基材表面生成聚苯胺,主要研究了聚苯胺的聚合工艺,探讨了前处理时间、苯胺(An)浓度、盐酸(HCl)浓度、过硫酸铵(APS)与An摩尔比、反应温度等因素对聚苯胺导电性能和增重率的影响。聚苯胺导电性能直接影响聚苯胺/聚丙烯静电集尘板的集尘效率,因此探索了生成不同表面电阻的聚苯胺的工艺参数。同时采用红外光谱、扫描电镜、EDS能谱、X射线衍射、热重分析等手段对制备的聚苯胺/聚丙烯材料的基本结构和性能进行了表征,结果表明聚苯胺成功地在聚丙烯表面聚合且基材的热稳定性能不受影响,由此制备出方阻10~3、10~4、10~5Ω/sq级别的聚苯胺/聚丙烯静电集尘板。(2)本课题将表面附着聚苯胺导电材料的聚丙烯板通过不锈钢带连接组装形成符合集尘测试需要的静电集尘板,安装固定在自组装研发的拟静电式空气除尘测试设备上,结合激光测霾仪,通过计算除尘测试设备进出口颗粒浓度的变化得出对该粒径颗粒的集尘效率。主要探讨了聚苯胺合成条件、风速、颗粒粒径、聚苯胺/聚丙烯材料表面方阻、集尘板间距对集尘效率的影响。确定了最大集尘效率时集尘条件为:聚苯胺表面方阻10~3Ω/sq,风速0.5m/s~1m/s,集尘板间距0.5cm~1.0cm。(3)制备的PANI/PP静电集尘板在最适宜集尘条件下达到的最大集尘效率:对PM10最大集尘效率可达95%,对PM2.5最大集尘效率可达91%,对PM1.0最大集尘效率可达87%。(4)PANI/PP静电集尘板的常规物理性能测试结果表明:PANI/PP结合牢度测试中,最大结合牢度可达5级,聚苯胺不易剥离和脱落。并且PANI/PP静电集尘板的耐水洗性能也较好,5次水洗后对PM2.5集尘效率最大仍达75%,10次水洗后对PM2.5集尘效率最大仍达63%,具有良好的耐久性和实用性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society and economy, people's requirements for living standards and indoor air quality are gradually increasing. Air pollution is one of the most serious environmental pollution problems nowadays, especially PM2.5 is considered to be a major threat to human health. The traditional electrostatic dust collecting plate is mainly made of multi-layer metal sheets with holes, but it is easy to produce leakage of electricity at a high cost and is gradually replaced by electret material. Polypropylene (PP) has become the main electret substrate for electrostatic dust collectors because of its light weight, regular structure, strong bending resistance and excellent thermal stability. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conductive polymer material. The electret is prepared by in-situ polymerization of aniline to form polyaniline in the conductive material area of dust collecting plate. A kind of polyaniline/polypropylene electrostatic dust collecting plate with good dust collecting efficiency and washing resistance is obtained, which overcomes the washing resistance of traditional methods effectively. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) Polyaniline was synthesized on the surface of polypropylene by in-situ polymerization of aniline. The polymerization process of polyaniline was studied. The factors such as pretreatment time, concentration of aniline (An), concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl), molar ratio of ammonium persulfate (APS) to Ans and reaction temperature were discussed. The conductivity of polyaniline has a direct impact on the collection efficiency of polyaniline/polypropylene electrostatic precipitator, so the technological parameters of polyaniline with different surface resistance have been explored. The basic structure and properties of propylene were characterized. The results showed that polyaniline was successfully polymerized on the surface of polypropylene and the thermal stability of the substrate was unaffected. The stainless steel strip is connected and assembled to form an electrostatic dust collecting plate which meets the requirements of dust collecting test. The electrostatic dust collecting plate is fixed on the self-assembled quasi-electrostatic air dust collecting test equipment. The dust collecting efficiency of the particle is obtained by calculating the change of the particle concentration at the inlet and outlet of the dust collecting test equipment combined with the laser haze detector. The effects of conditions, wind speed, particle size, surface square resistance of polyaniline/polypropylene material and space between dust collecting plates on dust collecting efficiency were studied. Maximum dust collection efficiency: 95% for PM10, 91% for PM2.5, 87% for PM1.0. (4) The results of routine physical properties test of PANI / PP electrostatic dust collection board show that the maximum binding fastness of PANI / PP can reach 5 grades, and polyaniline is not easy to peel off and fall off. The dust collecting board also has good washing resistance. The maximum dust collecting efficiency of PM2.5 after 5 washes is still 75%. The maximum dust collecting efficiency of PM2.5 after 10 washes is still 63%. It has good durability and practicability.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU834.8;TQ325.14

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