以农田水利工程为主导的乡村景观空间营造研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 09:09

【摘要】：在城乡一体化的快速推进下,我国着力建设乡村基础设施,并推行美丽新农村的建设。农田水利工程作为乡村基础设施的重要组成部分,在全国范围内呈现建设量大、涉及面广、影响深厚等特点。现有工程建设不仅是对乡土风貌的改变,也对生态、自然景观等造成较大影响。农田水利工程的乡村景观空间营造是改变这一现状的良好手段,打造生态健康、景观丰富、特色突出的农田水利工程景观的研究迫在眉睫。农田水利工程的乡村景观空间营造是多学科交叉的、综合性的研究内容。通过国内外大量文献研究,发现国内外在对河流自然化、河流生态化、乡村水系景观、水利工程等方面研究较多,但对农田水利工程乡村景观空间营造的关注极少,该现状引起了笔者的重视。通过文献查阅法,多学科交叉法,研究农田水利工程构成要素单体的景观设计、农田水利工程景观空间营造及农田水利工程景观营造模式,并以具体案例对理论进行印证。(1)介绍了农田水利工程的概念,并提出农田水利工程“功能——生态——景观”的发展线索,将乡村景观空间营造作为发展目标。通过相关学科理论研究,概述生态水利工程学、水工美学等理论在对农田水利工程乡村景观空间营造研究中的应用。(2)农田水利工程是系统化的工程,从水源到田间工程经历了一系列的人工设施,这些工程设施不仅自身具有景观可塑性,对周围景观空间也具有较大影响。通过对农田水利工程设施的组成研究,进行水工建筑物内在关系衔接的阐述。从单体功能角度,将农田水利工程划分为坝、闸、渠道以及其他水工建筑物。分别对四大类水工建筑从形态、色彩、交互使用三个方面进行景观营造研究并举例。(3)在空间上,通过区分农田水利工程与其他水利工程的主要异同点,及分析农田水利工程景观空间功能,主要提出乡村的“蓝”、“绿”、“灰”、“紫”空间营造。通过四色释义农田水利工程中的水、建(构)筑物、植物、人文景观等形成的空间。应用多样与统一、主从与重点、对比与协调等方式将农田水利工程空间有机的联系,使空间具备整体性。农田水利工程是环环相扣的连续性工程,有利于景观序列的形成。景观序列结合各地特色地形地貌、建筑风格、植被种类、地域文化等不同因素,将营造出变化万千的景观空间。(4)农田水利工程景观是人工干扰较大的景观,人工与自然的结合,其最终目的是更好的服务于人。根据空间的主要适用人群,将空间属性定义为“内向式”空间与“外向式”空间两种形式,内向式空间是具有向心力的农村聚合式空间,景观侧重为居民服务,注重乡土记忆,打造农村居民生活的栖息地景观;外向式空间是具有张力的开放式空间,景观侧重为外界认知乡村环境提供条件,主要针对旅游等来访人群,打造展示乡村特色风貌、文化等的独特舞台。通过庆安县水稻种植示范区农田水利工程景观设计项目及山口湖生态旅游区农田水利景观规划项目,对“内向式”农田水利工程景观营造模式与“外向式”景观农田水利工程景观营造模式理论进行印证,将理论与项目进行结合,以项目作为对理论的提升。本文对农田水利工程乡村景观空间营造的研究,是从单体设计到空间营造的推进,单体景观注重个性特色,空间景观讲求融合,景观整体具有服务的方向性。理论的提出适用于大部分农田水利工程乡村景观空间营造建设,使农田水利工程乡村景观空间营造既有章可循,又不失特色。
[Abstract]:With the rapid advancement of urban-rural integration, China has made great efforts to build rural infrastructure and promote the construction of a beautiful new countryside. As an important part of rural infrastructure, farmland water conservancy projects are characterized by large amount of construction, wide coverage and profound influence all over the country. The construction of rural landscape space of farmland water conservancy project is a good means to change the present situation. It is urgent to study the farmland water conservancy project landscape with healthy ecology, rich landscape and outstanding characteristics. Through a large number of literature studies at home and abroad, it is found that there are many researches on river naturalization, River ecology, rural water system landscape, water conservancy projects at home and abroad, but little attention has been paid to the rural landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy projects, which has aroused the author's attention. Landscape design of the elements of farmland water conservancy project, landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy project and landscape construction model of farmland water conservancy project are verified by concrete cases. (1) The concept of farmland water conservancy project is introduced, and the development clue of "function-ecology-landscape" of farmland water conservancy project is put forward. View space construction is the development goal. Through the theoretical research of related disciplines, this paper summarizes the application of ecological water conservancy engineering and hydraulic aesthetics in the study of rural landscape space construction of farmland water conservancy project. (2) Farmland water conservancy project is a systematic project, which has undergone a series of artificial facilities from water source to field project. Shi not only has landscape plasticity, but also has a great impact on the surrounding landscape space. Through the study of the composition of farmland water conservancy facilities, this paper expounds the internal connection of hydraulic structures. Architecture from the shape, color, interactive use of three aspects of landscape construction research and examples. (3) In space, by distinguishing the main similarities and differences between farmland water conservancy projects and other water conservancy projects, and analysis of farmland water conservancy project landscape space function, mainly proposed the village "blue", "green", "grey", "purple" space construction. The space formed by water, buildings, plants and human landscape in Yichang irrigation works is a kind of continuity engineering, which is beneficial to the formation of landscape sequence. Landscape sequence combines different factors such as landform, architectural style, vegetation types, regional culture and so on, and will create a vast variety of landscape space. The spatial attributes are defined as "introverted" space and "extroverted" space. Introverted space is centripetal rural aggregation space. Landscape focuses on serving the residents, attaching importance to local memory, and creating the habitat landscape of rural residents. Extroverted space is tensive open space, and landscape focuses on the outside world. Cognition of the rural environment to provide conditions, mainly for tourists and other visitors, to create a unique stage to show the characteristics of rural style, culture, etc. The model is verified with the theory of "outward-looking" landscape farmland water conservancy project landscape construction model, combining theory with project, taking project as the promotion of theory. The theory can be applied to the construction of rural landscape space in most farmland water conservancy projects, so that the construction of rural landscape space in farmland water conservancy projects has both rules and characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU982.29

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