加拿大国家公园体制对中国国家公园体制建设的启示

发布时间：2018-10-05 17:36

【摘要】：加拿大是世界上第一个建立国家公园管理机构的国家,其管理体制虽较早成型,但也随着管理理念、国家财力及机构改革在不断创新。加拿大没有采用建禁区的方式来保护国家公园,其在内有社区乃至城镇的情况下不仅不断加强保护,而且调动了各利益相关方"共抓大保护",较好地处理了保护与利用的矛盾。中国在《建立国家公园体制总体方案》提出"实行最严格的保护"和十九大报告提出"建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系"的情况下,应明确"最严格的保护是最严格地按照科学来保护",并在体制试点中借鉴加拿大国家公园体制创新的三点经验:(1)管理理念、管理方式和管理体制与时俱进,且相关科研确保了这种演进成为长进;(2)保护不是严防死守,而是在细化保护需求的基础上人为干预并结合合理利用;(3)在基本保持财政支持为主的情况下采用多种方式形成多种资金来源,既提高效率,又避免财政依赖型懒政。
[Abstract]:Canada is the first country in the world to establish a national park management agency. Although its management system was formed earlier, it has been innovating with the management concept, national financial resources and institutional reform. Canada has not adopted the way of constructing forbidden zone to protect the national park. It not only strengthens the protection but also mobilizes the stakeholders to "grasp the great protection" and deal with the contradiction between protection and utilization. In the case of "implementing the strictest protection" proposed in the "General Plan for the Establishment of the National Park system" and the "Establishment of a Natural Preservation system with National Parks as the main body" in the Nineteenth National Parks report, It should be clear that "the strictest protection is the strictest protection according to science", and draw lessons from the three experiences of Canadian National Park system innovation in the system experiment: (1) the management idea, the management way and the management system keep pace with the times; And the related scientific research ensures that this evolution becomes a long progress; (2) Protection is not a strict defense, On the basis of refinement of protection needs, artificial intervention and rational utilization are combined; (3) under the condition of basically maintaining financial support, a variety of sources of funds are formed in order to improve efficiency and avoid fiscal dependence.
【作者单位】：国务院发展研究中心管理世界杂志社;中国人民大学;北京师范大学;
【分类号】：TU986.54

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